Future Trends in Hrm free essay sample

Hrm Future Trends Presentation Transcript 1. Future Trends in HRM 2. How is the environment changing? Society Technology Government Employers Employees Economy 3. How is the environment changing? Society From To Tolerant Assertive Modest expectation Rising expectation Collective Individualistic Long term oriented Short term oriented Less educated Better educated Aware of duties Aware of rights too 4. How is the environment changing? Technology From To Labour intensive Labourless Low cost High cost Multi technology Specialized technology Medium technology Complex technology Piece-meal technology Convergent technology 5. How is the environment changing? Government From To Policy of concentrated growth Balanced growth Subsidy oriented Innovative business incentives Entrepreneur Facilitator for entrepreneurs Employee friendly Employer friendly Centralized power Decentralized power 6. How is the environment changing? Employers From To Domestic Business Global business Profit oriented Efficiency oriented Traditional Management Professional Management Less technical More technical Less Mgt Qualification More Mgt Qualification Employer by inheritance First gen employers 7. How is the environment changing? Employees From To Workers Knowledge workers Blue collar White collar Specialized skills Multi skills Submissive Assertive 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Future Trends in Hrm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How is the environment changing? Economy From To Closed economy Open economy Sellers’ market Buyers’ market Domestic business International business Stable Unstable Higher price Lower price 9. HRM in 21 st century Demographic changes 1. Pressure from religious and racial minorities 2. Women reservation and empowerment 3. Reservation to economically backwards from upper castes 4. Reservation is likely to be extended to private sectors too Reasons Shrinking no. f PSU’s and Govt jobs Core sectors are going into private ownership Concept of pvt mgt and public money Increasing role of pvt companies in social development 10. HRM in 21 st century Demographic changes 5. Increasing educational qualifications of people at entry level 6. Awareness of the common public 7. Ratio of white collars and blue collars getting reduced Reasons Increasing technical skills and automation Increasing salary for workers Redundancy of blue collar workers 11. HRM in 21 st century Demograph ic changes 8. No. of women employees rising Last decade ? Female employee growth around 50% ? Male mployee growth less than 20% Reasons Concept of dual career New jobs are becoming more suitable to women Equal opportunities and security for women in the workplace Rising expectations of self and children Inflation Threat of divorce/actual divorce Growth of service industry 9. Increasing feeling of sons of the soil 12. HRM in 21 st century Changing technology and automation Need for new skills to meet the new technology Strategy-Have feeder education/training institutions run by company-University-industry interaction-Constant training to employees +ve- Improves business efficiency -ve- Pressure on individuals to be up-to-date 13. HRM in 21 st century Changing technology and automation Skills going redundant (e. g. typists) Strategy-Retraining-VRS/Retrenchment-Outplacement Problems envisaged- After heavy investment on technology and automation money for retraining, VRS, etc may be scarce- Creates personal, Psychological, financial and social problems 14. HRM in 21 st century Changing technology and automation Better working conditions to workers, e. g. AC, computers, better lighting and resultantly better Q. W. L Skills are upgraded, so employees are becoming suitable for better jobs in the company and elsewhere Makes the job challenging Reduces the human interaction, so human elements will get lesser importance Breakdown of entire system/operations Many tragedies like Bhopal and Chernobyl are possible, which may bring the surrounding public under Workmen Compensation Act 1923 15. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Emergence of international HRM Results-International benchmarking and universalisation of HR practices International character of Trade Unions High salary, global selection and training, international standard of working conditions and slim work-force are the hallmarks of MNCs JVs Influence of ILO and WTO in labour stds, e. g. their role in elimination of child labour Quality consciousness in international business ? ) Mgt seeks voluntary cooperation of employees b) Concentration on competition rather than confrontation with workers and trade unions 16. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Inequality in wage and salary ? the gap is too high, it may lead to inequality in growth of society More VRS/retrenchment ? Unemployment, insecurity/security to existing employees Growth of services industry Trends ? will attract women employees, HR dept will be professionalized -ves: Encourages cas ual/temp/PT/child labour, leads to igher employee turnover 17. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization TD will be the central focus in LPG Equilibrium in demand and supply of manpower is possible even at international level Multiple criteria will be followed in selection rather than just one criterion Leads to flat structure Results: More responsibilities to individual managers-No promotional opportunities within, so frequent job changes-Emphasis on self-mgmt-Quick decisions and responses 18. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing employers Employers will be leaders rather than managers. They will practise theory Y Participative approach rather than proprietary approach Care for employees’ personal life too Scrupulously fair in reward or punishment Share with the employees the company’s fortunes/profits Organization will be more adaptable to individuals than vice-versa The job of creativity and innovation will be left to the workers 19. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing Government Policy Still more importance for HRD and related areas, e. g. separate ministries for HRD, Labour, Personnel and grievances HRD will spread to Co-ops, NGOs, Agriculture local bodies Now HRD concept is being infused in Govt depts/ offices, e. g. in Universities, Boards, Semi-govt organizations,etc. Govt. may allow ‘hire and fire’ policy but it can be regulated by independent bodies like Central Vigilance Commission, Courts, Tribunals, etc. 0. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing Government Policy Drastic changes in labour laws possible, especially in the case of child labour, women workers, minorities and environment Govt. will encourage setting up of industries in rural and backward areas Results: Non-availability of workers executives to work in such areas Lack of urban facilities Mismatch between urban executives and rural workers More exp enses to train rural workers 21. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing Government Policy Laws on merger/takeover may still be relaxed Results: Frequent change of ownership, so uncertainty, anxiety and insecurity to employees- Cultural shock to managers and workers- Loss of employment Role of local bodies- Influence in selection and IR- Earnest efforts for Industrial development in the area * * * 22. Implications for HR Managers Should provide unstinting support to the CEO the employees Should act as a facilitator, change agent and counselor. Must be well trained, imaginative, innovative, up-to-date and an alert professional Must actively adopt the systems approach to have a broad view of things Future HR functions will be more complex than what exists today He must make use of advanced knowledge and skills of behavioural science * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 23. Theory X In this theory, management assumes employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can. They inherently dislike work. Because of this, workers need to be closely supervised and comprehensive systems of controls developed. A hierarchical structure is needed with narrow span of control at each level. According to this theory, employees will show little ambition without an enticing incentive program and will avoid responsibility whenever they can. The Theory X manager tends to believe that everything must end in blaming someone. He or she thinks all prospective employees are only out for themselves. Usually these managers feel the sole purpose of the employees interest in the job is money. They will blame the person first in most situations, without questioning whether it may be the system, policy, or lack of training that deserves the blame. 4. Theory Y In this theory management assumes employees may be ambitious, self-motivated, anxious to accept greater responsibility, and exercise self-control, self-direction, autonomy and empowerment. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties. It is also believed that if given the chance employees have the desire to be creative and fo rward thinking in the workplace. There is a chance for greater productivity by giving employees the freedom to perform at the best of their abilities without being bogged down by rules. 25. 26. Theory Z Theory Z is the name applied to the so-called Japanese Management style popularized during the Asian economic boom of the 1980s. In contrast to Theory X, which stated that workers inherently dislike and avoid work and must be driven to it, and to Theory Y, which stated that work is natural and can be a source of satisfaction when aimed at higher order human psychological needs, Theory Z focused on increasing employee loyalty to the company by providing a job for life with a strong focus on the well-being of the employee, both on and off the job. According to Dr. William Ouchi, its leading proponent, Theory Z management tends to promote stable employment, high productivity, and high employee morale and satisfaction. 27. Theory Z cont. d Ironically, Japanese Management and Theory Z itself were based on Dr. W. Edwards Demings famous 14 points. Deming, an American scholar whose management and motivation theories were rejected in the United States, went on to help lay the foundation of Japanese organizational development during their expansion in the world economy in the 1980s. Demings theories are summarized in his two books, Out of the Crisis and The New Economics , in which he spells out his System of Profound Knowledge. He was a frequent advisor to Japanese business and government leaders, and eventually became a revered counselor. Deming was awarded the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure by the former Emperor Hirohito, and American businesses ultimately tried unsuccessfully to use his Japanese approach to improve their competitive position

Impact Fo Computer to Man Essays

Impact Fo Computer to Man Essays Impact Fo Computer to Man Essay Impact Fo Computer to Man Essay The increase in computer usage can play an important role in peoples lives. Computers have done a lot to improve our lives, but they also have negative impacts. At times the immense amount of resources and entertainment can lead to a persons dependency on the computer. Here are some interesting websites and articles that discuss some of the pros and cons of computer usage, specifically the world wide web. Advisory Committee Congressional Internet Caucus. (2002). Advisory Committee Congressional Internet Caucus (23 April 2002). This site is composed of a diverse group of public interest, non-profit groups and other organizations that are working to educate and inform Congress as well as the public about important Internet related policy issues. This site was helpful because it had links to different sites that dealt with the impact the internet has on people. It had articles of recent internet issues that can greatly affect society as well as surveys and research articles people have conducted in this field of study. A Nation Online. How Americans are Expanding their use of the Internet. (4 February 2002). How Americans are Expanding their use of the Internet (23 April 2002). This article discusses how Americans are expanding their use of the Internet. The article is particularly interesting because it is based on the September 2001, U. S. Census Bureaus current population survey. The results from the survey, demonstrate the rapidly growing use of new information technologies across all demographic groups and geographic regions. Greenfield, Dr. David N. Virtual Addiction and the Center for Internet Studies. (2001). Virtual Addiction and the Center for Internet Studies (23 April 2002). This website is put up by the Center for Internet Studies. It provides services, information, and resources on e-behavior and internet addiction in the workplace, families and in the community. This is an informative site that gives a lot of information on internet addiction as well as articles that help individuals understand about the seriousness of this problem. Orzack, Dr. Maressa H. Computer Addiction Services. (1999). Computer Addiction Services (23 April2002). Clinical psychologist Maressa Hecht Orzack treats addictive behaviors at McLean Hospital. Dr. Orzack gives signs and symptoms of computer dependency. She also gives advice to those individuals who find themselves in these situations and offers suggestions for treatment to this serious problem. This site is particularly interesting because she offers a list of physical and psychological symptoms for computer addiction. The PEW Internet and American Life Project. Getting Serious Online. (3 March 2002). Getting Serious Online (23 April 2002). This site produces reports and surveys that explore the impact of the internet on children, families, communities and the work place. This particular article,discussed the positive impact the Internet has on individuals. The article discusses how internet users do more kinds of things online after they gain experience, especially related to their jobs, even as they spend a bit less time online during their typical sessions.

Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Aging - Essay Example The questions have been in the mind of people for a century. However, despite the studies in the genetics and molecular biology, the mystery of controlling the lifespan of human is yet to be found (Nouwen & Gaffney, 2004). Many literatures have been put forward to explain the aging process, but none of them has been a success. The conventional aging literature believes that aging in not a genetically programmed. Modern theories in biological aging in humans can either be an error theory or a programmed theory. The programmed literatures believe that aging comes with a biological timetable, perhaps the continuous one in regulating the childhood development and growth. The regulation will depend on the expression of genes affecting systems that are responsible for defense response, maintenance, and repair. The damage theory emphasizes the assault of environment to the living organisms inducing the cumulative damage at different stages as the reason for aging (Cox, 2005). The programmed literature has three different categories; programmed longevity, endocrine theory, and immunology theory. According to programmed longevity, aging arises from sequential putting on and off for some of the genes. According to endocrine theory, the immune system can be programmed to decline with time, which arises to a rising vulnerability to diseases that are infectious and therefore aging and later death. It is researched that the immune system effectiveness peaks during puberty and slowly declines with the age advance. For instance, when a person grows older, the antibodies will lose effectiveness, and very few diseases will be combated by the body effectively, which leads to eventual death and cellular stress. The deregulated response of the immune has been connected to inflammation, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Although direct relationship is yet to

Food Fantastic Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Food Fantastic Company - Essay Example Foods Fantastic Company is a publicly traded grocery chain with a chain of 50 stores in the US.The company has embraced technology to a great extent and uses state-of-the-art applications to monitor inventory and maintain its accounting books An ITGC review is necessary because of the degree to which the company is dependent on the data produced by its information systems for accounting and decision-making. Purpose: The purpose of an ITGC review is to ensure the reliability, consistency and security of an information system that is being used as a source of information and legal standing for accounting purposes. The idea behind an ITGC review is to check the data input streams for dependability as it will constitute a legal standing of the company. In addition, the review will cover aspects of fraud, security, back-dated entries and other loopholes that can be used for frauds or unauthorized access to confidential data. Scope: The scope of this audit and review is limited to the surf ace risk assessment of the controls used by FFC. In addition, it covers only the mainstream information system which is used for reporting and decision-making. Any other third-party systems are not covered in this review as long as they do not have any impact on financial reporting. Also, the review has been conducted in accordance with the guidelines defined and accepted as international best practices for ITGC. Findings: The information system control procedures at Foods Fantastic Company do not meet the standards of what can be termed as the best practices in the industry.

Case Study Report related to Public Budgeting Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report related to Public Budgeting - Case Study Example It serves as a policy guide, management tool, legal document (after the approval of the board) and a financial control instrument towards the organization. So budgeting is basically a mechanism for setting goals and objectives and allocating resources to achieve those objectives. IN other words it can be described as â€Å"thoughtful strategic planning process† (Lee, Johnson & Joyce, 2008, pp. 1-8). The report is a snapshot regarding the public budgeting details of a nonprofit organization of United States named as the Human Society of the United States. The report tells about the Budgeting cycle, budgeting policy, and budgeting documents. In the report the budget for the Finance Department has been taken into account. It gives a synopsis of the purpose and goal, revenue and expenditure, planning and activities of the finance department of the Human Society during 2012-2011 and the major changes in policy and accomplishments. MAJOR APPROPIATION AND CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS YEAR: The Human Society of Us is the nation’s largest organization for animal protection fighting for the rescue care and protection of animals. The organization distributes its entire budget of expenditure mainly for within two heads, firstly operational budget and secondly the supportive budget which supports the operational activities. For the fiscal of 2012 the operational budget included budget for animal protection program, Budget for fund raising and budget for management and general. During the fiscal 80% of the budget was allocated for animal protection program which actually accounted for $142118050. Fund raising accounted for the rest 20% of the operation 17% for fundraising and rest 3% for management and general. Fund raising had a budget of $29479645 while management and general had a budget of $5225819. Animal protection program which had the major budget had a segregation of 47% for advocacy, outreach and policy; 22% for direct care and service; 18% for cruelty preve ntion and 13% of the expense for research and education. For the support and revenue budget of 2012 the organization estimated 84% of the total revenue from contribution and grant which they accounted for $151069252. For rest of the revenues they estimated 13% would be coming from bequests, 2% from investment income and 1% from other income. On the contrary, for the fiscal of 2011 the organization deployed 80% of their total operational and supporting expenses budget for animal protection program. The same followed a segregation of 18% in cruelty prevention, 24% for direct service and care, 43% advocacy and cruelty, 15% for research and education. The support and revenue budget for 2011 accounted 79% of revenue coming from contribution and grants, 17% from bequests, 3% from investment income and 1% from other income (Human Society Organization, 2013, Annual Report 2012 & 2011) MAJOR REVENUE SOURCES AND CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS YEAR: The revenue of the firm came mostly from the support division and from other income. The total revenue from support and other income accounted for $5970558 during 2012 that of $5955358 during 2011 which indicated a hike of 0.25%. The revenue hike is almost negligible and the organization doesn’t aim for it since it is a nonprofit making firm with a â€Å"no profit† making view. The revenue for 2012 mainly came from contribution, trusts, grants, donation, merchandise sale, donated securities, sale of donated items, gains for disposals of property and

The extent to which research influences policy

The extent to which research influences policy Discuss the extent to which effective development policy depends on good research Introduction In development, for one to know what aids development, why a particular system works and how effective an approach taken towards improving development is, a proper research has to have been done. Development policy is a decision made or designed to improve a condition from a problematic state to a better or an improved form. Research is said to be ‘a careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something’ (Merriam-Webster). Some types of research done are reviewing existing research, field experiments, secondary analysis (reviewing information from existing archives), qualitative methods, survey, case studies, and cost-benefit analysis (research done to determine the cost and benefit from an action), amongst others (Dukeshire and Thurlow 2002). Research is an important part of policy making because without research, pressing policy questions will not be answered as it’s hard to make a policy without identifying a problem, the context in which the problem is based and possible solutions that a policy could enforce. In a research at the IMF in 2011, Moises Schwartz, the director of IEO states that â€Å"Research is at the heart of innovation and improving policymaking†. He goes on to say that research, at the IMF, helps develop and improve conceptual models that serve as the foundation for policy recommendations. In this paper research will be used in relation to evidence-based This paper discusses how research influences policy, the gap between researchers and policy makers and how good research is needed for effective development policy making. Research and Development policy One cannot make a policy if one doesn’t know what that policy is to address. Without research, policy makers will not be informed about the problem that requires a solution through careful planning and decision making. The way research is done and presented could influence deeply the policy making process (Dukeshire and Thurlow 2002). For the creation of effective development policy, not just a policy under huge probability that it might work, proper research has to be done. Furthermore, for the improvement of quality of life and reduction in poverty, a proper use of research and evidence in the making and practice of development policy, is required (Court et al 2004). Research promotes credibility and also plays an important role on how policymaking is thought of by country authorities and also, research improves the gathering and spread of global knowledge (IMF 2011). Effective development policy requires researches that are relevant to the particular policy question. Researches done for a specific development policy question will look at the problem from all spheres, gather knowledge about the problem from the place the problem is situated and the people it affects, carry out a thorough case study and could also ask indigenous people to suggest solutions as they know better what will work for them and then make recommendations which will influence the development policy making. This entire process will ensure that the policy is effective as the decision will be based on research that addressed the problem directly and evidence produced. People in a community, through participatory approach, a research technique, could identify problems in their society and proffer solutions to these problems (green et al 1995; Frankish et al 1997). The 1999 white paper on modernizing government adopted evidence based policy as part of its philosophy as it expressed its expectations of policy makers to bring up new ideas, take a different approach to the way things have been done in the past he use of research in the policy making process and also to create policies that will proffer effective long term solutions. Research helps policy makers be well informed about a situation a policy is to address however â€Å"†¦there is nothing a government hates more than to be well-informed for it makes the process of arriving at decisions much more complicated and difficult† ( Skidelsky 1992). In my own opinion, research restrains the government from making a â€Å"one fit all† policy. It is easier for a government or donor institutions to make a ‘one fit all’ policy than going through the process of research, gaining adequate knowledge about a particular problem and having to make policies that fit specifi c contexts or societies and not been able to make a general policy that is not based on specific contexts or a countries specificity. In basil jones paper on linking research to policy, he says to achieve effectiveness and efficiency better sector work has to be done alongside research and analysis in development process which will in turn influence policy making. Without research or proper knowledge of a development problem, it is hard to make right decisions that will enable effective solutions. There is a great link between research and policy making although, it has been said that there is a gap between policy makers and researchers. It said that researchers make their findings inaccessible, sometimes lengthy, in a different language and uneasy to decipher just in time for policy decisions (Jones, 2011). Also, researchers do not research on problems facing policy makers but answer questions based on the tools and resources they have (World Bank 2010). Development policies are made based on finding solutions to development problems and research seeks to study and find possible and optimum solutions to those problems. Thus, without proper communication between the researchers and policy makers, it will be impossible to make an effective development policy as it is impossible to make a developmental progress if these two actors are working individually or separately. Conclusion it has been noted that governments and donor institutions tend to make ‘one fit all’ policies that will cut across different countries without taking into consideration the different countries peculiarity or its institutional context and sometimes are accused of making policies based on existing data from doctored research plans and conclusions that fit an existing policy or research done before without making room for new researches (Brettenwoods project, 2011). For example, the prevalent view amongst staffs of the IMF is that research findings need to be in relation with current IMF policies and evaluations done at the IMF showed that some researches were done with the conclusion and an already present policy in mind and some researches had different conclusions and recommendations separate from the analysis done in the research (IMF 2011). Furthermore, some NGOs have distorted the policy making process which renders the policy incapable and in turn creating negative e ffect on the poor by not engaging in research based evidence (Harper 2001). Above, it was noted that there was a significant gap between policy makers and researchers which needed to be bridged. Bridging the gap between these two actors In the development process could be done by making good use of researches that have been done and researchers communicating their findings to policy makers(court and young 2006). Also these donors should not make it all about the funding but also gaining or gathering and sharing new knowledge which can only be gotten from good research (Jones 2011). Policy questions should be the basis for a research and not just research based on the resources available to the researcher or what attracts the interest of the researcher at that time. Furthermore, in considering the future of development, results that influence policy and practice and relevant to poor people’s needs could be gotten by the improving the researchers effectiveness to produce such results. This was stated in a 2008 research strategy of DFID. Finally in answering the question to which extent effective development policy depends on good research, before a policy is made, there has to be an evidence of a problem and the evidence of the problem and knowledge gathered about the problem is held in mind before a decision is made to improve the condition of a problem, so basically there cannot be a policy without a research of some kind. Therefore, a development policy depends on research but an effective development policy that will properly address a problem that is being faced will depend on a good and thorough research. This paper has discussed the link and gap between research and policy, the dependency of policy on research and also the benefits of an evidence based policy. References â€Å"Research† Merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. web 26 February 2014 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/research Brettenwoods (2011). Evaluations suggest IMF, World Bank research ideologically driven [online] Available: http:// http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2011/09/art-568905/ [Accessed: 24 February 2014] Cabinet office (1999) modernizing government stationary office: London, Ch. 2, Para. 6. Cm 4320. Available at www.cabinet-office.gov.uk/mordengov/whtpaper/index.htm> Court, J. and Young, J. (2006) Bridging research and policy in international development: an analytical and practical framework. Development in Practice, Volume 16, Number 1, February 2006. Court, J., Hovland, I. and Young, J. (2004) Bridging Research and Policy in International Development: Evidence and the Change Process, ITDG. Dukeshire, S. Thurlow, J. (2002). Understanding the Link Between Research and Policy. Rural Communities Impacting Policy Project Frankish, C.J., George, A., Daniel, M., Doyle-Waters, M. Walker, M. (1997). Participatory health promotion research in Canada: A community guidebook. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada, Health Promotion Development Division. Green, L., George, M., Daniel, M., Frankish, J., Herbert, C., Bowie, W. O’Neill, M. (1995). The study of participatory research in health promotion: Review and recommendations for the development of participatory research in health promotion in Canada. Ottawa: The Royal Society of Canada. Harper, C. (2001). Do the Facts Matter? NGOs, Research and Policy Advocacy, in Edwards, M. Gaventa, J., Global Citizen Action. Lynne Reinner Publishers Jones, B. (2011), Linking Research to Policy: The African Development Bank as Knowledge Broker, Series N ° 131, African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia. Research at the IMF: relevance and utilization / [prepared by an IEO team led by Ruben Lamdany and Hali Edison]. – Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 2011. Skidelsky, R. (1992) John Maynard Keynes; a biography. Vol 2: the economist as saviour, 1920-1937 macilian: London p 630. World Bank (September 2010) â€Å"Research for Development – A World Bank Perspective on Future Direction for Research† Policy Research Working Paper 5437 Yaron, G. And Louise, S. (2008) Good practice in evidence informed policy: An initial review for DFID. 1

Housmans To An Athlete Dying Young :: Poem Housman Athlete Dying Essays

Housman's "To An Athlete Dying Young" A. E. Housman's "To an Athlete Dying Young," also known as Lyric XIX in A Shropshire Lad, holds as its main theme the premature death of a young athlete as told from the point of view of a friend serving as pall bearer. The poem reveals the concept that those dying at the peak of their glory or youth are really quite lucky. The first few readings of "To an Athlete Dying Young" provides the reader with an understanding of Housman's view of death. Additional readings reveal Housman's attempt to convey the classical idea that youth, beauty, and glory can be preserved only in death. A line-by-line analysis helps to determine the purpose of the poem. The first stanza of the poem tells of the athlete's triumph and his glory filled parade through the town in which the crowd loves and cheers for him. As Bobby Joe Leggett defines at this point, the athlete is "carried of the shoulders of his friends after a winning race" (54). In Housman's words: The time you won your town the race We chaired you through the market place; Man and boy stood cheering by, And home we brought you shoulder-high. (Housman 967). Stanza two describes a much more somber procession. The athlete is being carried to his grave. In Leggett's opinion, "The parallels between this procession and the former triumph are carefully drawn" (54). The reader should see that Housman makes another reference to "shoulders" as an allusion to connect the first two stanzas: Today, the road all runners come, Shoulder high we bring you home, And set you at the threshold down, Townsman of a stiller town. (967) In stanza three Housman describes the laurel growing "early" yet dying "quicker than a rose." (967) This parallels "the 'smart lad' who chose to 'slip betimes away' at the height of his fame" (Explicator 188). Leggett's implication of this parallel is "that death, too is a victory" (54). He should consider himself lucky that he died in his prime and will not out live his fame. Housman says: Eyes the shady night has shut Cannot see the record cut, And silence sounds no worse than cheers After earth has stopped the ears. (967) Leggett feels that "death in the poem becomes the agent by which the process of change is halted" (54). In the next stanza symbolism is used as the physical world is in Leggett's terms, "The field where glories do not stay" (54). "Fame and beauty are represented by a rose and the laurel, which are both subject to decay," Leggett explains (54). The athlete dying is described here by Housman:

Havaianas

Our marketing case study refers at the develop of the Italian market of Havaianas flip-flops Description of Product In Brazil Havaianas product is well known (second only to Coca Cola). It’s a mass market product, a commodity Flip-flops features: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Comfortable Durable Out of time Practical Aesthetically beautiful Cheap Two Mains Markets A traditional segment like beach, leisure and sport A niche segment, the surf market Main Marketing Problems In Italy among consumers only 12. 5% indicated Havaianas as first brand of flip flops designed Find the right market segment considering the competitors Convey to consumers the important attributes, technical and emotional, of the product Targeting The product is suitable for everyone, but especially for consumers aged from 16 to 40 In this range we have identified three main consumers categories †¢ Trendy: †¢ Functional: †¢ Not interested: 10% 75% 15% Swot Analisys OPPORTUNITY – Width of the target – Ability to create authentic connections with a product rich in meanings – Ability to enter niche marketsSTRENGTHS – Versatility of the product – High Quality (natural materials) – Wide range of models -Possibility of limited Editions Product THREATS -Competition indirect and parallel importation of products with low cost (China) -No barriers to entry -Risk of becoming a passing fashion brand -Existence of direct competitors that also produce clothing lines WEAKNESSES – Poor presence in some markets – Low brand awareness – It’s absent the perception of the quality of the product by the consumer – Seasonality – It is not considered a technical productTraditional Market Positioning Market Positioning-Competitors †¢ Reef, the market leader, has a marketing strategy aimed at consumers increasingly sophisticated which seem to communicate a feeling of continuous research and ne ed of something more distinctive †¢ Sundek leverages its production of summer clothing to also sell footwear and flipflops †¢ As flip-flops for the pool, locker room and sports in general brands such as Nike & Adidas provide an higher level of technicality If we consider the Havaianas as a sandal for a night out or generally for living the city, then the competition is with brands such as D&G, Gucci, Prada Market Positioning-Havaianas Havaianas is on the market in a position straddling Functionality and Fashion (impossible for Reef) to a point less â€Å"evolved† of its direct competitor The fashion factor for Havaianas is the ability to sell a cheap product that capture the customers with the history, the sense of freedom and the possibility to express yourself which are the guidelines that, since the beginning, distinguish this productSurf Market Market PositioningCompetitors The competitors, althougth with different placements, stands on the left side of the tabl e aiming to attract customers with their ability to perceive the technical characteristics of the product There are also in this context brands such as Cool that are oriented more to products of high quality and technically suitable for sport Others (in the area at the bottom left) that link instead, quite indistinct between them, to follow the fashion even at the expense of the more technical characteristics Market PositioningHavaianasHavaianas instead focuses its strategy in being able to exploit the high degree of involvement that surfers reserve to this brand and this is the main feature that differentiates it from competitors In the surfing world Havainas is an â€Å"object of worship† now deeply rooted in the tradition and attractiveness of this sport and it is from this that the brands draws its market power Marketing Goals Create an emotional bond with the brand and its history Provide more popularity to the brand so that potential buyers can easily associate the bran d with various modelsBrand Philosophy Extraordinary capabilities that this product has to create a bond between the user and Brazil, the place of origin of the product and always destination of dreams of Italians Havaianas is a product that can be considered â€Å"true†: a long history, a great deal of continuity (the characteristics have remained largely unchanged over time) Natural materials and a process that has within it elements almost â€Å"craft† (examples of this are the molds made ? by hand) that make it meaningful and rich of story to tellMarketing Initiatives Havaianas Disco-Bus Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team Website Website At the heart of our proposals for Havaianas there is the transformation of the current website in order to create a direct relationship with the consumer and a sense of membership Build a section dedicated to events and parties with a photogallery which shows all connected to the world of Havaianas and itsâ€Å"lifestyle† Websit e â€Å"Party on Havaianas. it† †¢ The user, in order to participate in various competitions, must enroll communicating his e-mail.This will allow the company to create a large agenda of contacts through which it can communicate the dates of events, promotions and news of any kind in order to create a direct line to the most loyal. For people registered, there will be a further advantage: will be sent by e-mail invitations for the various parties that will be printed and presented at the entrance for a chance to enter for free â€Å"Testimonial for Havaianas â€Å" †¢ The consumers will send their photos with the more strange use that they can make with their flip-flops.The most bizarre and original will be published on the site, with the possibility to be commented on by all users, and the winning photo will become the icon for the communication campaign of Havaianas in the following year â€Å"Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team† The TwinsBros Factory has its headquarters in Livorno(Italy) and is structured specifically for the production of high quality surfboards The first goal of the collaboration is to create a set of surfboards and material competition sponsored Havaianas The second one is sponsor a team of surfers who will turn Italy to participate the races of the Italian circuit Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team† Return in terms of visibility: †¢ Will be published a banner Havaianas. it on the homepage of the site twinsbros. net †¢ Will be published a banner of TB & Havaianas surf team on the two main Italian surf portals (surfdome. it & surftolive. com) †¢ Will be published articles accompanied by photographs on the same portals above and magazines like Surfer Magazine, SurfUP & SurfNews †¢ Strong visibility in the audience present at the competition with the distribution of gadgets Havaianas Disco-Bus† The project consists of a disco-bus which during the summer will turn to the most famous locatio ns of the italian summer nightlife (Riccione, Milano Marittima, Porto Cervo, etc. .. ) It will be deprived of the seats and designed with the logo â€Å"Havaianas† in and outside so as to produce a strong visual impact on the observer The atmosphere will be tipically brazilian with theme-parties, music, cocktails and various kinds of gadgets provided

Mexican Atmospheres essays

Mexican Atmospheres essays When I visited Mexico for the first time I remember thinking that it was not the third world country that everyone had described to me. After a couple of days there and a little more venturing into Mexico I realized that it was really everything that had been described. While we were in the vacation areas and hotel resorts the atmosphere was very nice. They are decorated with festive ornaments, they play loud music, have plenty of gift shops, and many attractions for people to see. When we ventured outside of these areas things took a drastic turn from pretty and festive to dirty and poverty stricken. I realized that the pretty images that Hollywood gives people of Mexico is only true in certain places, and that it is actually a third world country. When we arrived in Mexico at the airport I really could not tell that it was a third world country. The one thing that really caught my attention while at the airport was that it was not air conditioned. The airport was dreadfully hot, not humid, just a very dry heat. I remember while standing in the customs line I was sweating as though I had been running a marathon. I was sweating so much that my shirt was sticking to me. The airport was decorated nicely with a mural of sea animals painted on ocean colored walls. The airport was very similar to the airports I was used to in America. It had all sorts of gift shops, restaurants and many stands with brochures of places to visit while in Mexico. The ride to the hotel was also very nice, and the scenery did not appear to be that much different than here in America. The roads were paved, much like ours, but there were swamps all around us that reminded me of the Everglades in Florida. The bus had most of the luxuries that our buses have and one additional feature that I was really not accustomed to. It had a cooler that was filled with Coronas and bottled water for sale. I had never in my life seen alcoholic beverages f...

Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Research Paper Example

Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Research Paper Example Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Paper Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Paper There are a number of serious social problems in the society today which include childhood sexual abuse among other crimes. When these occur, sometimes it is possible for the memories to be hidden in the unconscious as the mind tends to block scary episodes of abuse or the whole of childhood and resurface later in adulthood. The quality of these memories differ from one individual to the other, where they can be detailed and vivid or very faint sometimes and mostly tell of events occurring in early childhood or adolescence. At times, these memories are thought not to be true but just a recollection of the things said by others. Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT), which was initially used, has been found to lack proper validity and is therefore termed as toxic therapy (Robinson, 2008). The following paper will discuss false memory in relation to recent research performed concerning it. False Memory One of the most haunting psychological experiences is repression which occurs when the mind pushes shocking experience to an inaccessible unconscious position. At times, however this may later reoccur into consciousness as a condition referred to as false memory syndrome which is defined as the memory of an imagined event normally traumatic and previously occurring (Stedmans medical dictionary, 2006). False memories occur as a byproduct of the cognitive system functioning in the effort to escape from self awareness. A good example is the occurrence of some memories of childhood sexual abuse after repression for about 20 to 40 years which led to suing of alleged perpetrators who were mainly family members and household workers (Loftus, 1993). Although the authenticity of regressed memory is questioned, the details and confidence often associated with it form the basis of psychoanalysis and is used in an increasing number of civil law suits. This is because childhood is an important concept of psychoanalysis as it is the stage of attachment and forms an example that sets an emotional stage of later relationships (Braun, Ellis, Loftus, 2002). In addition, the symptoms associated such as inflicted injury also add up as evidence. Through counseling and therapeutic intervention, normally the memories resurface when the victims enter psychotherapy due to various related factors. In these circumstances the therapists use RMT to recover memories that involve various recollections of real events which happened during childhood. It is based on the belief traumatic memories like sexual abuse in childhood are forgotten or repressed and recovered during therapy (Robinson, 2008). From these clinical points it was noted that repression constituted overwhelming and obvious proof hence accurate. However, some psychiatrics dispute these theories terming them as empirical and lack experimental scientific confirmation. Some controversies also arise when accused deny the charges by the adults resulting in the questioning about who is telling the truth and who is lying (Loftus, 1993). Generation of False Memory The accuracy of these memories might be deter red by internally derived defense mechanism such as fantasy, illusions, and screen memories that are mediated by hallucinations, borrowed ideas, characters and myths or externally derived from a therapist’s or special relation’s unintentional suggestion implantation. Moreover, popular writings which influence the creation of memories through the steps they provide and suggestions of a therapist, who at times do not take no for an answer and use dreams, often lead to the creation of theses memories. Additionally, they inclusion of age regression, guided visualization, writing in trance, body work and hypnosis and the fact that therapy takes place in private makes it difficult to follow what takes place (Loftus E. , 1995). This is depicted in a study conducted by Loftus and Pickrell, (Macrae et. al. , 2002 ) where most participants were persuaded by their suggestions and encouraged on having done a particular thing in their childhood such as getting lost in a shopping center and being rescued by an aged person. Most of the people then elaborated and produced evidence on these false experiences uniquely, thus creating alternatives to reality. Such instances include memory of non existent objects or totally different situations. Marketers, through advertising can also cause the creation of such memories by taking advantage of the memory’s reconstructive nature (Robinson, 2008). In this way, a consumer may think that he has participated in an event whereas they only viewed an advert of the event (Macrae et. al. , 2002 ). Due to the impact of false memories especially when used in courts, a number of investigations have been done concerning creation of false memory through exposure to misinformation which causes distortion to the memory. These evidences have been provided by private investigators that go undercover into offices of therapists pretending to be patients. Although all recovered memories may not be authentic, it is not true to say that they are all false. According to new research, recovered memory is a very extraordinary condition which should only be believed if clear evidence is presented. Researchers argue that most of them are not related to real events. Generally, it is believed that memories of occurrences before the age of 2 years cannot be recovered as they cannot be remembered into adulthood while those below the age of three years are uncommon and unreliable. Therefore, claims of some adults about occurrences related to abuse below the age of six months are absolutely unfounded hence false memory. It has also been discovered that people who experience abuse after the ages of four or five rarely forget them. In addition, studies performed on people who have suffered terrible childhood abuse such as kidnapping and watching their parents’ killing reflect their desire to forget them without success as opposed regression (Braun, Ellis, Loftus, 2002). Conclusion The performance of unproven and experimental RMT on clients led to numerous destroyed families which were never recovered hence a lot of human suffering and preventable suicide which could have been avoided through proper and careful design of publicized studies. It has since been abandoned by counselors and therapists. In addition more evidence should be provided in cases of memory repression to prevent false claims. List of References Braun, K. A. , Ellis, R. , Loftus, E. F. (2002). Make My Memory. Psychology Marketing . 19(1), 1–23. New York, USA: John Wiley Sons. Loftus, E. F. (1993). The Reality of Repressed Memories. American Psychologist . 48, 518-537. Loftus, E. , 1995. Remembering Dangerously. March / April 19(2). Retrieved from The Committee for Sceptical Inquiry: csicop. org/si/show/remembering_dangerously/ on 26th July, 2010. Macrae, C. N. , Schloerscheidt, A. M. , Bodenhausen, G. V. , Milne, A. B. , 2002). Creating Memory Illusions: Expectancy-Based Processing and the Generation of False Memories. Memory . 10(1), 63–80. Robinson, B. (2008, September 3). Repression of Childhood Memories. Retrieved from Religious tolerance: religioustolerance. org/rmt_ofte. htm on 26th July , 2010. Stedmans medical dictionary, 2006. Definition. False Memory Syndrome . Pennsylvania, USA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Buying Decision - a New House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Buying Decision - a New House - Essay Example Key words: House, Economy, Domestic Economy, GDP - Gross Domestic Product, BEA - The Bureau of Economic Analysis, purchasing power, inflation, international trade. John & Tia are living in a rented studio apartment at a location near to their offices and commercial area which is ideal for them. However, they are expecting a baby and require bigger space to have room for baby’s nursery and a location that is near to clinic / hospital, school, nurseries, day care centers and other social service offices they might need to consult after they have the baby along with continuation of their respective careers. Both to-be-parents are confused whether to rent a bigger place or make the ultimate investment of buying their own house in an economy that is gradually improving from recession. This is a major investment for the couple that requires a substantial financial expenditure which is going to alter their financial position, spending habits, saving percentage etc. Consequences of th is substantial investment would firstly require savings and other investments evaluation. They have been saving for few years and have sufficient amount to make the down payment and pay mortgage for at least a year. Hence they are prepared financially however, they need to be emotionally willing to take the huge plunge into this big investment as well as cope with resulting restrictions, requirements and tradeoffs involved. They need to assess whether their current income flow is sustainable and can support mortgage payments for the future period. If mother-to-be has to quit job in order to take care of the baby would they be able to afford making payments regularly and how will they manage their financials? They also need to evaluate if it is the right time to take the leap or they should stick to rented option. Their detailed assessment of the economic situation, evaluation based on economic factors and weighing down of options is given below. Majority of the decisions we make as consumers are directly related to or influenced by the prevailing economic conditions. Our future plans are shaped in accordance with our expectation of how the economy will perform. We shall refer to a few of N. Gregory Mankiw’s principles related to the principle of making the purchase decision and influencing factors. According to Mankiw, there is no â€Å"free lunch† we must give up something in order to get something i.e. every decision has its costs / tradeoff. In our case tradeoffs are the plans couple had already made earlier that they now need to forego or put on hold, such as yearly vacation and a new car. They would also have fewer saving hence restricted spending priorities since now they also have to consider extra savings for future expenses related to raising a child as well as maintain the new house if the go ahead with the decision. Further tradeoffs would be loss of interest income being earned on the savings and opportunity cost lost on account of no t having the same amount invested to gain profit. This factor would evolve into the second principle by Mankiw which involves considering and weighing the costs of decisions, i.e. opportunity cost which is ever present. The couple would be losing on the opportunity to have the amount saved and interest being earned giving them financial strength instead of having it spent on down payment, monthly mortgage payment and insurance payments. Other

Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Framework - Essay Example Lastly, I would take part in the procedure of reviewing the results of the market campaigns (Tranter et al, 2006). I am a detail-oriented individual and having this attribute could help me see unobvious opportunities and share it with the company aiming at creating an appropriate compliance and integrity framework to support innovation in solutions, processes, and products in a highly regulated world. I have a believe that all of these concepts will be tremendously useful in my CP (Uysal & Fesenmaier, 2001). However, I think I will not use the marketing plan concept since the organization has already put their marketing plan into action, but it will assist me to identify how it functions. The organization's culture centers on the workers wellbeing (Belch, G. E., & Belch, M.A., 2009). The organization strives to see that employees get secured, and contented knowing that all the fulfillment issues will be addressed and that there will be no pessimistic penalties for those who raise con cerns. The core of a robust compliance culture is an effective mechanism that permits employees to speak up, and raise actual or potential compliance concerns in a non-retaliatory environment so that they may be referred faster and effectively (O’Guinn et al, 2008). ... It was formed under the Royal act jointly between the government and the individuals of the state. At first, the government owned 50 percent of the total shares, when the corporate showed hard work and dedication the government gave ten percent of the shares to the workforce. This was intended to encourage other industrial sectors to add more effort to their activities. This corporation is located in the republic of Saudi Arabia. It has grown by ten percent current value in the fertilizer industry. It is, therefore, predicted that the fertilizer production in Saudi Arabia is going to grow in an alarming rate following the organization of this Saudi Arabia Fertilizer Company. Four other companies in this state have ventured in the production of Fertilizers and hence Saudi Arabia Fertilizer Company is facing stiff competition from these competitors (Canwell, 2004). The business world at present is facing several issues that impacts on their performances. Business corporations have expe rienced stiff competition forcing them to invent new ideas that are different from their competitors and get preferred by their customers. Therefore, managers need to be creative to evade this challenge. Another issue is security and privacy. Companies all over the globe are being challenged by the improved technology, which forces to adapt to the system to improve their security issues (Jansson, 2008). The external stakeholders including the customers, the workforce, and the government play a very significant role in the company. Without them, the company cannot prosper and be successful. Therefore, corporation is devoted to offering clients high quality products that meet their needs and expectations. Any risks associated with the company’s products, have the capacity to destroy