Unit 6 - P2 - 1251 Words

Unit 6 – P2 In sport there can be certain reasons as to why people are unable to in sport, cultural, social, historical, economic or educational. These barriers are referred to as barriers to participation. Culture barriers are linked to different nationalities, beliefs and religions. There may be rules and views on who should participate in sport. Some religions do not allow women to participate in sport altogether, others allow participation if they wear clothes that cover the whole body. In the UK is limited knowledge of sport from certain cultures. Schools often try to accommodate different cultural for example, allowing students to clothes to cover their body and separating girls from boys. There may still be an issue such as†¦show more content†¦Target groups include women, young people, over 50’s, disabled people and black or ethnic minority groups. These groups of people are the groups that generally have been the most barriers to participation. They are focused on increasing opportunities in sport as they are likely to benefit the most. Women have always had less involvement in sport than men. There may be reasons as to why women have less involvement. They may stop playing sport to focus on other thing like having children or a family. Women with family may also find it difficult due to a lack of money and time. These barriers can occur at any level of sports continuum from someone who may just want to exercise to keep fit (participation stage) but feels they can’t as the only classes available to them are mixed sex classes which they are not comfortable with. Other example, of the barriers to women may be that at the performance or excellence stage lack sponsorship, media coverage and government funding in women’s sport. This in turn means that women are unable to continue sport as a career and are limited to the level they are able to achieve as they can’t live by only playing sports and must get a job. 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Increasing Globalization And Economic Activities - 2097 Words

1. Introduction In organizations different composition of people are working due to increasing globalization and economic activities in a global world. Globalization, advancement in information and communication technology together with improved transportation system have reduced the distance separating people of different cultures, races, ages, ethno religious and social backgrounds. The organizations at present observe the growing presence of women at the workplace, at a growth of multiethnic workforce, at the globalization of enterprises and markets. These trends induce more and more enterprises to manage diversity. Particularly, increased globalization in workplaces has led to a situation whereby the workplaces are getting more and†¦show more content†¦Globalization in this recent time has prompted more interfaces amid people from different cultures and backgrounds than before. People are now more open-minded in the worldwide with competition imminent as of almost all over in the contin ent. Most organizations in their own viewpoint, take on diversity at their organization to develop into more ingenious and open to change. Growing and improving workforce diversity has developed into an important issue for managers in the recent years due to the recognition of how the workforce is changing. While managing diversity still remains a challenge in organizations, managers tend to learn managerial skills required in a multicultural working environment and prepare themselves to teach others within their organizations to value cultural differences and treat all employees with poise. 2. Concept of workforce diversity Workforce diversity is about the variety of differences between people in an organization. It includes race, gender, ethnic group, age, personality, organizational function, education, background and more. It was observed that diversity as any significant difference that distinguishes one individual from another – a description that encompasses a broad range of overt and hidden qualities. Diversity involves how people recognize others and these perceptions influence their interactions. For a wide assortment of employees to function effectively as an organization, human resource department need to deal

Website Links for American College of Surgeons-myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theWebsite Links for American College of Surgeons. Answer: The main attribute of a career is the requirement for its member to abide to a code of morals. Code of Professional Conduct for the ACS, is an established code and is a considered as part of the Society's Regulations in shrined in the constitution. The statutes apply to any ACS member who is in the field of ICT (Barry, et al., 2004). This paper examination Case Study 7 Website Links as per ACS Code of Ethics and gives some of the recommendation in the dilemma of this case study. In the Case Study 7 Website Links Sallys dilemma is to determine who should take responsibility of adding the news channel that included the on court cases, which are currently under suppression order here in Australia as they are in process, and what actions should be taken about the event. She needs to prevent recurrence of this type of problem. Utilizing MacDonald's methodology sally should first recognize the moral dimension of this problem as one that has moral importance (Bowern, et al 2006). By so doing sally should identify the parties interested, as to who has stake in the decision and in this case, it is Han the website developer. Consequently, Sally should identify which values are involved in this problem and a member of ACS, she should advocate and advance the effectiveness honor, and dignity of being a professional (Rogerson, Weckert Simpson, 2000). In addition, Sally should weigh the benefits and the burdens, as to who should carry the burden and what for the benefit s are like acting in accordance with numerous relevant values like fairness, and the satisfaction of preferences. Sally should also look at other similar case and what action was taken. Lastly, she should discuss the problem in relating with others. As part of ACS code of Professional Conduct, it is recommendable for Sally to be a respectable civilian and act within the regulation, conformance to ACS ethics. Firstly, she should put in to consideration of the primacy of the public interest.. With regards to this Code, public interest outweighs the personal, sectional and private interest, and any contentions ought to be resolved in the best interest of the public (Burmeister, 2000). Secondly, Sally should conduct herself with honesty. She should not break public trust in the career or the particular trust of her stakeholders. In addition, she should show Competence. Acknowledge that such work, as she believes she is competent to perform and not delay to get extra skill from well-qualified persons where advisable. Bibliography Barry, L., Blair, P.G., Cosgrove, E.M., Cruess, R.L., Cruess, S.R., Eastman, A.B., Fabri, P.J., Kirksey, T.D., Liscum, K.R., Morrison, R. and Sachdeva, A.K., 2004. One year, and counting, after publication of our ACS Code of Professional Conduct.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,199(5), pp.736-740. Bowern, M., Burmeister, O., Gotterbarn, D. and Weckert, J., 2006. ICT Integrity: Bringing the ACS Code of Ethics up to date.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,13(2). Burmeister, O.K., 2000. Applying the ACS code of ethics.Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology,32(2), pp.107-120. Rogerson, S., Weckert, J. and Simpson, C., 2000. An ethical review of information systems developmentThe Australian Computer Societys code of ethics and SSADM.Information technology people,13(2), pp.121-136.

Introduction to Hospitality Industry Beverage Companies

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Hospitality Industry for Beverage Companies. Answer: Executive summary Every organization dealing with food and beverages seek to gain a competitive advantage which can assist it to succeed in its operations. In order to stand out in the market, it is always important to come up with ideas that can assist the organization to stand out by acquiring a competitive advantage. The most common strategies which food and beverage outlets are currently using to stand out in the market include; ensuring the companies produce high quality products than its competitors, ensuring their the prices are slightly lower, coming up with products that can be easily differentiated from those of companies which produce similar goods, offering take away and delivery services, installing free WIFI in their premises and so forth. This paper will look at different strategies which food and beverage companies are currently using to gain competitive advantage. It will also give an overview of the comparative nature of various companies which operate this kind of business in Sydney and also cover some examples of bars and upmarket restaurants that have succeeded in the use of competitive advantage and value chain analysis strategies in Australia. Competitive advantage Competition is a major challenge affecting hospitality and other industries today (Silverman, 2011). Competitive advantage provides an edge over the competitors and the possibility of establishing a greater value for an organization and its shareholders. Companies with competitive advantage generate more sales or superior margins than their competitors. Because so many foods and beverage outlets are emerging almost each day, there is an urge for the people who operate this kind of businesses to find out strategies which can assist them in dominating the market. There are three major strategies which an organization can use in order to gain a competitive advantage. The three include seeking to attain cost advantage through selling products at lower prices, attaining differentiation advantage through ensuring your products are of high quality and finally through attaining a competitive advantage by using the right distribution channels, creating brand awarenss and so forth. The diagram below shows the major sources of competitive advantage and how they can be attained. For food and beverage outlets to gain competitive advantage, they have to work on various things like their cost structure, brands, customer support, and intellectual property (Thompson Tracy, 2011). There are two types of competitive advantage which can be used by food and beverage outlets. These are comparative advantage and differential advantage Comparative advantage Comparative advantage is the companys ability to produce foods and drinks at a reduced cost than other enterprises which produce similar goods (Frank, 2011). This strategy can give food and beverage outlets the capacity to generate a larger margin on its annual sales. Comparative advantage can assist this kind of businesses to sell its products at a price that is lower than that of its competitors and still realize good profits because production cost mostly drives the sale prices. The best ways in which food and beverage outlets can achieve comparative advantage is by paying attention to some factors like using more efficient internal systems, using economies of scale, embracing technology and innovation, expanding in areas which can promise low-cost labor and so on (Levander Geterl, 2015). Although these factors can help companies to attain competitive advantage, it does not mean the entity can produce better foods or beverages, but rather, they can sell their products at a price which is lower than their competitors. Differential advantage Food and beverage outlets can attain comparative advantage by producing products that are so different from those of their competitors and are perceived to be more superior by the consumers (Still, 2010). A food and beverage outlet can achieve a differential advantage by coming up with products that have different features than those of its competitors, and also products which can make the company win customer loyalty. In most cases, food and beverage outlets have been using differential advantage as a stepping stone in achieving both their short and long term goals. Fast food and beverage outlet can gain a differential advantage through several aspects like; using advanced technology, using sound and attractive business slogans, use of patents and copyrights, superior personnel, using brand protected products, using robust and unique brand names and so on (Burrows III, 2013). Use of these factors assists the customer in differentiating your products from those of competitors. Use of patent can also prevent the competitors from using your brand names. Differential advantage makes customers build loyalty with a particular company because it makes them believe what they get from that company is so unique, and they cannot get it from other businesses. Food and beverage outlets use the differential advantage to make their customer think the food and drinks they get from a particular store are of high quality than those of their competitors. Value chain analysis Value chain analysis involves evaluating all activities that affect the inputs and outputs of goods or services that customers seem to show high demand for them. The concept of value chain analysis was first described by a person known as Michael Porter in 1985 (Fromm Garton, 2013). According to porter, primary activities like operations and outbound activities must be combined with support activities like technology for a firm to realize a firm to succeed in its operations. The diagram below gives an overview of porters value chain analysis model Fast food and beverage outlets can make use of these strategies to establish high sales, win competition, and attract customer loyalty. Value chain analysis describes different activities that take place in food and beverage outlets and relates them to the analysis of the companys competitive strength. Food and beverage outlets perform value chain analysis based on two approaches depending on the nature of competitive advantage they want to establish (Still, 2010). The two approaches which can be used by these companies are; Cost or differentiation advantage. The cost advantage is mostly used by businesses that compete on costs. On the other hand, differentiation advantage is used by outlets that strive to come up with superior products. Value chain analysis enables food and beverage outlets to experience greater profit margins than their competitors because it assists them to experience increased sales (Levander Geterl, 2015). It also enables these businesses to put much attention on activities that are likely to convert their production inputs into the outputs that are valued by the consumers. The primary activities included in value chain analysis in these types of businesses include focusing on the inputs, changing them into outputs and delivering them to the consumer. When food and beverage outlet is efficient in combining these measures to produce superior products, the consumers are always willing to purchase the products at higher prices than the production cost, hence assisting the firm to realize higher product margins. For food and beverage outlets to succeed in their value chain analysis, they should always identify activities that are likely to add value to their products and analyze them so as to reduce production costs or increase differentiation (Burrows III, 2013). They also should find out the most valuable activities and the ones that need to be improved so as to provide a competitive advantage for the organization. The competitive nature of the Sydney food and beverage industry Foods and drinks are among the major factors that influence Australian economy (Levander Geterl, 2015). In this country, the hospitality industry is highly dynamic and driven by customers who seek for diversity, quality and value. Both large and small manufacturing companies in this sector use every possible mean to ensure it stands out in the market through attracting as many customers as possible. Most of the food and beverage companies in Sydney are emphasizing on innovation and technological advancements as their primary strategy of improving their competitive advantage (Tidd Bessant, 2013). Innovators in this industry are looking for new mechanisms of promoting food and beverages so as to make them suitable for their customers. Focus on technological advancements and innovation has been assisting most of these companies in Sydney to expand their lines of production, hence enabling the consumer to have wider selections. Because most of the consumers are becoming health conscious, most companies are putting much attention on salt and fat content to ensure they produce health friendly products for their customers (Still, 2010). Currently, enterprises that are emphasizing on the production of low-sodium or low-fat alternatives realize competitive advantage than businesses that do not consider these factors. Cost minimization is another strategy which most food and beverage companies are using to gain competitive advantage. Most of them have realized that with reduced production cost, they can sell their products at reduced prices and still achieve good profits (Levander Geterl, 2015). Companies which use strategies which lead to cost minimization and sell their products at reduced prices witness competitive advantage because their prices attract most customers in the market. Understanding consumer behavior is another factor which is enabling some of the food and beverage companies in Sydney to gain competitive advantage (Fromm Garton, 2013). In every business, customers are always the most valued stakeholders. Therefore, understanding their behaviors and knowing how to meet their demands is one way which can help an organization to succeed. Some of the food and beverage companies in Sydney have realized their consumers look to various sales channels to satisfy their needs (Burrows III, 2013). As a result of this, they have leveraged various mobile and online technologies as a mechanism for meeting this demand. This strategy has enabled most of the companies which have realized its advantage to attract many customers hence winning the competition. Some of the companies like Woolworths food group noticed emphasizing on low prices and improving customer shopping experience is one of the key strategies which it can use to win the competition (Burrows III, 2013). The company decided to use three fundamental principles to gain competitive advantage. The first principle was to improve the core offer to ensure the consumers value their enterprise; the second one was to concentrate on continuous innovations so as to meet the customer needs, and the last one was to work on efficiency. Competition being one of the biggest challenges in the food and beverage companies in Sydney, every company in this industry is using every possible measure to expand its market share (Burrows III, 2013). Some of the companies are trying to expand their business to various geographical locations within the country, and other nations so as attract more customers than their competitors. Product differentiation is another strategy which almost every company in this industry is trying to stress on. Using unique brand names and packaging enables customers to differentiate products from different companies (Fromm Garton, 2013). Woolworth is a good example of a company which has been paying attention to this issue. This company uses unique brand names and packaging which can enable its customers to differentiate their products from those of its competitors. Examples of bars and upmarket restaurants that exemplify these concepts in Australia As time goes on, competition is heating up in Bars and Upmarket restaurants in Australia (Levander Geterl, 2015). Most of the businesses in this category have been operating using these concepts. An example of a bar which has been using these strategies in its operations is Baxter Inn. This organization has been valuing its customers and doing everything possible to attract their loyalty. Some of the primary strategies used by this enterprise include; stocking high-quality liquor, reduced prices, employing people who know how to handle customer needs in a professional manner and so forth. Another example of a bar which uses these strategies is Bibo. The management of this restaurant has been using various measures to make sure most customers value their organization. Some of the strategies they have used to stand out in the market include ensuring customer comfort by fitting their bar with good lighting, proper ventilations, best music, and classic furniture. Bibo also values selling high-quality products to its clients. Their prices are also friendly to most people in the country. Most bars and upmarket restaurants that do not use strategies that can give them a competitive advantage fail in their operations because the competition is becoming a significant threat in the Australian market (Levander Geterl, 2015). To cut down production costs and increase profitability, most of these organizations are embracing the use of technology and innovation in their businesses. Others are including different types of beverages in their stores so that consumers may get all they need under one roof. A bar like Titus Jones has been conducting value chain analysis to ensure its competitors do not win its loyal customers. It has also been using strategies which can assist it in acquiring a comparative advantage like selling its products at reduced prices and making sure it stocks high-quality products (Levander Geterl, 2015). This bar also ensures its customers get good entertainment while enjoying their drinks through playing various types of music like hip-hop, rock and so forth. This bar also makes sure that its clients get every kind of liquor they like by stocking different types of beverages like spirits, wines, and beers. Most of the bars and upmarket restaurants are using these strategies to ensure their businesses attract many customers than their competitors (Burrows III, 2013). The most common strategies which almost each one of them is using is selling personalized brands, employing employees who know how to welcome and serve customers in a professional manner and furnishing their businesses with good furniture which ensure customer comfort How food and beverage outlets use menu engineering to maximize profit. Menu engineering which can also be called menu psychology is the analysis of profitability and popularity of various menu items and how they affect the placement of these items on the companys Menu (Inghilleri Solomon, 2013). Menu engineering is aimed at making the customer have the first impression of products which the company wants to be purchased on highest rate. Because most of the clients who visit food and beverage outlets spend at least two minutes with the menu, the management should ensure the Menu is attractive, and items are arranged in a manner that attracts customers at first glance (Levander Geterl, 2015). Organizations use Menu engineering to ensure their clients make the first impression on the most profitable products The primary goal of menu engineering is always to increase product profitability per guest (Fromm Garton, 2013). Menu engineering assists the managers with information concerning products profitability and popularity. This information enables them to come up with proactive planning, customer pricing decisions, and recipe planning. Most enterprises in the hospitality industry use this strategy to allow the organization in meeting its profit targets (Burrows III, 2013). With menu engineering, managers can control food costs by analyzing which products need a lot of money to be produced, and what they can do to minimize such costs. It also helps them to come up with better decisions on how to improve the profitability of items that are not highly profitable for the organization. In most cases, menu engineering assists food and beverage owners to emphasize on the menu items that are likely to generate high profits for their businesses (Fromm Garton, 2013). They achieve this by ensuring such products are produced in large quantities and are available throughout. They also ensure those products are given priorities in their menus by placing them in the most eye-catching areas in their Menu. Menu engineering helps the management to evaluate the volume for every menu item against the cost and selling price of each item to see which one of them has the biggest demand and the level of profitability it generates (Burrows III, 2013).Menu engineering makes customers purchase the goods that the seller wants to be bought and avoid fewer profit items. For a food and beverage outlet, the menu is the most compelling merchandise tool because all products that make this kind of businesses to succeed flows in the menu. Most of the Food and beverage outlets use menu engineering in controlling their pricing and making decisions which can assist in cost reduction (Kisilowski, 2014). Use of menu design helps this kind of enterprises to minimize the chances of making losses because all products are sold at prices which are above their production costs. Some of the food and beverage outlets have been taking their Menu as a valuable tool which can assist them in coming up with decisions which can help them to maximize their profitability (Burrows III, 2013). Menu engineering helps restaurant owners to calculate all costs incurred in production of all menu items and come up with decisions on how to minimize the production cost and maximize profitability For food and beverage outlets to maximize their profitability and periodic sales, they always ensure their products appear on the menu in a manner that aligns with their consumer psychology and buying behavior (Fromm Garton, 2013). Menu engineering enables food and beverage owners to place their high-profit products in the most eye-catching and visible places on their Menus. This technique allows the customers to give these products their first impression hence enabling these companies to maximize their profits. Conclusion Having seen examples of bars and upmarket restaurants which use these strategies in Sydney, we can conclude that competitive advantage and value chain analysis are fundamental tools which every company dealing with food and beverages should use. This is because these strategies can assist an organization to acquire large market share, attract customer loyalty, and also experience increased sales and profitability than its competitors. References Levander, C. F Guterl, M. P. (2015). Hotel Life: The Story of a Place Where Anything Can Happen. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press Frank, R. H. (2011). The Darwin Economy: Liberty, Competition, and the Common Good. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Turner, L. K. (2014). How the other Half Ate: A History of Working Class Meals at the Turn of the Century. Berkeley: University of California Press. Burrows III, p. R. (2012). The market-Driven Supply Chain: A Revolutionary Model for Sales and Operations Planning in the New on-Demand Economy. New York: American Management Association Goldstein. J Brown. D. (2013). Inside the California Food Revolution: Thirty Years That Changed Our Culinary Consciousness. Berkeley: University of California Press Inghilleri. L Solomon. M. (2010). Exceptional service, Exceptional Profit: The Secrets of Building a Five-Star Customer Service Organization. New York: American Management Association Tidd. J Bessant. J. (2013). Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Still. J. (2010). Derrida and Hospitality: Theory and Practice. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Haley, P. A. (2011).Turning the Tables: Restaurants and the Rise of the American Middle Class, 1880-1920. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press Vincent. L. (2012). Brand Real: How Smart Companies Live Their Brand Promise and Inspire Fierce Customer Loyalty. New York: American Management Association Mahnken, Thomas. G. (2012). Competitive Strategies for the 21st Century: Theory, History, and Practice. Stamford, CA: Stanford University Press Nolo, M. D. (2014). The Innovative Sale: Unleash Your Creativity for Better Customers Solutions and Extraordinary Results. New York: American Management Association Gitterman, D. P Coclainis, P. A. (2011). A way Forward: Building Globally Competitive South. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press Papke. E. (2014). True Alignment: Linking Company Culture with Customer Needs For Extraordinary Results. New York: AMACOM Oosterwal, D. P. (2010). The Lean Machine: How Harley-Davidson Drove Top-Line Growth and Profitability with Revolutionary Lean Product Development. New York: American Management Association Joseph. J. (2010). The Experience Effect: Engage Your Customer with a Consistent and Memorable Brand Experience. New Yok: AMACOM Kisilowski. M. (2014). Free Market in Its Twenties. New York: Central European University Press Thompson. M Tracy. B. (2011). Now, build A great Business! 7 Ways to Maximize Your Profits in Any Market. New York: American Management Association. Silverman. G. (2011). Secrets of Word-of- Mouth Marketing: How to Trigger Exponential Sales through Runaway Word of Mouth. New York: American Management Association Fromm. J Garton. G. (2013). Marketing to Millennials: Reach the largest and most Influential Generations of Consumer Ever. New York: AMACOM

Future Trends in Hrm free essay sample

Hrm Future Trends Presentation Transcript 1. Future Trends in HRM 2. How is the environment changing? Society Technology Government Employers Employees Economy 3. How is the environment changing? Society From To Tolerant Assertive Modest expectation Rising expectation Collective Individualistic Long term oriented Short term oriented Less educated Better educated Aware of duties Aware of rights too 4. How is the environment changing? Technology From To Labour intensive Labourless Low cost High cost Multi technology Specialized technology Medium technology Complex technology Piece-meal technology Convergent technology 5. How is the environment changing? Government From To Policy of concentrated growth Balanced growth Subsidy oriented Innovative business incentives Entrepreneur Facilitator for entrepreneurs Employee friendly Employer friendly Centralized power Decentralized power 6. How is the environment changing? Employers From To Domestic Business Global business Profit oriented Efficiency oriented Traditional Management Professional Management Less technical More technical Less Mgt Qualification More Mgt Qualification Employer by inheritance First gen employers 7. How is the environment changing? Employees From To Workers Knowledge workers Blue collar White collar Specialized skills Multi skills Submissive Assertive 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Future Trends in Hrm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How is the environment changing? Economy From To Closed economy Open economy Sellers’ market Buyers’ market Domestic business International business Stable Unstable Higher price Lower price 9. HRM in 21 st century Demographic changes 1. Pressure from religious and racial minorities 2. Women reservation and empowerment 3. Reservation to economically backwards from upper castes 4. Reservation is likely to be extended to private sectors too Reasons Shrinking no. f PSU’s and Govt jobs Core sectors are going into private ownership Concept of pvt mgt and public money Increasing role of pvt companies in social development 10. HRM in 21 st century Demographic changes 5. Increasing educational qualifications of people at entry level 6. Awareness of the common public 7. Ratio of white collars and blue collars getting reduced Reasons Increasing technical skills and automation Increasing salary for workers Redundancy of blue collar workers 11. HRM in 21 st century Demograph ic changes 8. No. of women employees rising Last decade ? Female employee growth around 50% ? Male mployee growth less than 20% Reasons Concept of dual career New jobs are becoming more suitable to women Equal opportunities and security for women in the workplace Rising expectations of self and children Inflation Threat of divorce/actual divorce Growth of service industry 9. Increasing feeling of sons of the soil 12. HRM in 21 st century Changing technology and automation Need for new skills to meet the new technology Strategy-Have feeder education/training institutions run by company-University-industry interaction-Constant training to employees +ve- Improves business efficiency -ve- Pressure on individuals to be up-to-date 13. HRM in 21 st century Changing technology and automation Skills going redundant (e. g. typists) Strategy-Retraining-VRS/Retrenchment-Outplacement Problems envisaged- After heavy investment on technology and automation money for retraining, VRS, etc may be scarce- Creates personal, Psychological, financial and social problems 14. HRM in 21 st century Changing technology and automation Better working conditions to workers, e. g. AC, computers, better lighting and resultantly better Q. W. L Skills are upgraded, so employees are becoming suitable for better jobs in the company and elsewhere Makes the job challenging Reduces the human interaction, so human elements will get lesser importance Breakdown of entire system/operations Many tragedies like Bhopal and Chernobyl are possible, which may bring the surrounding public under Workmen Compensation Act 1923 15. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Emergence of international HRM Results-International benchmarking and universalisation of HR practices International character of Trade Unions High salary, global selection and training, international standard of working conditions and slim work-force are the hallmarks of MNCs JVs Influence of ILO and WTO in labour stds, e. g. their role in elimination of child labour Quality consciousness in international business ? ) Mgt seeks voluntary cooperation of employees b) Concentration on competition rather than confrontation with workers and trade unions 16. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Inequality in wage and salary ? the gap is too high, it may lead to inequality in growth of society More VRS/retrenchment ? Unemployment, insecurity/security to existing employees Growth of services industry Trends ? will attract women employees, HR dept will be professionalized -ves: Encourages cas ual/temp/PT/child labour, leads to igher employee turnover 17. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization TD will be the central focus in LPG Equilibrium in demand and supply of manpower is possible even at international level Multiple criteria will be followed in selection rather than just one criterion Leads to flat structure Results: More responsibilities to individual managers-No promotional opportunities within, so frequent job changes-Emphasis on self-mgmt-Quick decisions and responses 18. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing employers Employers will be leaders rather than managers. They will practise theory Y Participative approach rather than proprietary approach Care for employees’ personal life too Scrupulously fair in reward or punishment Share with the employees the company’s fortunes/profits Organization will be more adaptable to individuals than vice-versa The job of creativity and innovation will be left to the workers 19. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing Government Policy Still more importance for HRD and related areas, e. g. separate ministries for HRD, Labour, Personnel and grievances HRD will spread to Co-ops, NGOs, Agriculture local bodies Now HRD concept is being infused in Govt depts/ offices, e. g. in Universities, Boards, Semi-govt organizations,etc. Govt. may allow ‘hire and fire’ policy but it can be regulated by independent bodies like Central Vigilance Commission, Courts, Tribunals, etc. 0. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing Government Policy Drastic changes in labour laws possible, especially in the case of child labour, women workers, minorities and environment Govt. will encourage setting up of industries in rural and backward areas Results: Non-availability of workers executives to work in such areas Lack of urban facilities Mismatch between urban executives and rural workers More exp enses to train rural workers 21. HRM in 21 st century Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization Changing Government Policy Laws on merger/takeover may still be relaxed Results: Frequent change of ownership, so uncertainty, anxiety and insecurity to employees- Cultural shock to managers and workers- Loss of employment Role of local bodies- Influence in selection and IR- Earnest efforts for Industrial development in the area * * * 22. Implications for HR Managers Should provide unstinting support to the CEO the employees Should act as a facilitator, change agent and counselor. Must be well trained, imaginative, innovative, up-to-date and an alert professional Must actively adopt the systems approach to have a broad view of things Future HR functions will be more complex than what exists today He must make use of advanced knowledge and skills of behavioural science * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 23. Theory X In this theory, management assumes employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can. They inherently dislike work. Because of this, workers need to be closely supervised and comprehensive systems of controls developed. A hierarchical structure is needed with narrow span of control at each level. According to this theory, employees will show little ambition without an enticing incentive program and will avoid responsibility whenever they can. The Theory X manager tends to believe that everything must end in blaming someone. He or she thinks all prospective employees are only out for themselves. Usually these managers feel the sole purpose of the employees interest in the job is money. They will blame the person first in most situations, without questioning whether it may be the system, policy, or lack of training that deserves the blame. 4. Theory Y In this theory management assumes employees may be ambitious, self-motivated, anxious to accept greater responsibility, and exercise self-control, self-direction, autonomy and empowerment. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties. It is also believed that if given the chance employees have the desire to be creative and fo rward thinking in the workplace. There is a chance for greater productivity by giving employees the freedom to perform at the best of their abilities without being bogged down by rules. 25. 26. Theory Z Theory Z is the name applied to the so-called Japanese Management style popularized during the Asian economic boom of the 1980s. In contrast to Theory X, which stated that workers inherently dislike and avoid work and must be driven to it, and to Theory Y, which stated that work is natural and can be a source of satisfaction when aimed at higher order human psychological needs, Theory Z focused on increasing employee loyalty to the company by providing a job for life with a strong focus on the well-being of the employee, both on and off the job. According to Dr. William Ouchi, its leading proponent, Theory Z management tends to promote stable employment, high productivity, and high employee morale and satisfaction. 27. Theory Z cont. d Ironically, Japanese Management and Theory Z itself were based on Dr. W. Edwards Demings famous 14 points. Deming, an American scholar whose management and motivation theories were rejected in the United States, went on to help lay the foundation of Japanese organizational development during their expansion in the world economy in the 1980s. Demings theories are summarized in his two books, Out of the Crisis and The New Economics , in which he spells out his System of Profound Knowledge. He was a frequent advisor to Japanese business and government leaders, and eventually became a revered counselor. Deming was awarded the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure by the former Emperor Hirohito, and American businesses ultimately tried unsuccessfully to use his Japanese approach to improve their competitive position

Impact Fo Computer to Man Essays

Impact Fo Computer to Man Essays Impact Fo Computer to Man Essay Impact Fo Computer to Man Essay The increase in computer usage can play an important role in peoples lives. Computers have done a lot to improve our lives, but they also have negative impacts. At times the immense amount of resources and entertainment can lead to a persons dependency on the computer. Here are some interesting websites and articles that discuss some of the pros and cons of computer usage, specifically the world wide web. Advisory Committee Congressional Internet Caucus. (2002). Advisory Committee Congressional Internet Caucus (23 April 2002). This site is composed of a diverse group of public interest, non-profit groups and other organizations that are working to educate and inform Congress as well as the public about important Internet related policy issues. This site was helpful because it had links to different sites that dealt with the impact the internet has on people. It had articles of recent internet issues that can greatly affect society as well as surveys and research articles people have conducted in this field of study. A Nation Online. How Americans are Expanding their use of the Internet. (4 February 2002). How Americans are Expanding their use of the Internet (23 April 2002). This article discusses how Americans are expanding their use of the Internet. The article is particularly interesting because it is based on the September 2001, U. S. Census Bureaus current population survey. The results from the survey, demonstrate the rapidly growing use of new information technologies across all demographic groups and geographic regions. Greenfield, Dr. David N. Virtual Addiction and the Center for Internet Studies. (2001). Virtual Addiction and the Center for Internet Studies (23 April 2002). This website is put up by the Center for Internet Studies. It provides services, information, and resources on e-behavior and internet addiction in the workplace, families and in the community. This is an informative site that gives a lot of information on internet addiction as well as articles that help individuals understand about the seriousness of this problem. Orzack, Dr. Maressa H. Computer Addiction Services. (1999). Computer Addiction Services (23 April2002). Clinical psychologist Maressa Hecht Orzack treats addictive behaviors at McLean Hospital. Dr. Orzack gives signs and symptoms of computer dependency. She also gives advice to those individuals who find themselves in these situations and offers suggestions for treatment to this serious problem. This site is particularly interesting because she offers a list of physical and psychological symptoms for computer addiction. The PEW Internet and American Life Project. Getting Serious Online. (3 March 2002). Getting Serious Online (23 April 2002). This site produces reports and surveys that explore the impact of the internet on children, families, communities and the work place. This particular article,discussed the positive impact the Internet has on individuals. The article discusses how internet users do more kinds of things online after they gain experience, especially related to their jobs, even as they spend a bit less time online during their typical sessions.

Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Aging - Essay Example The questions have been in the mind of people for a century. However, despite the studies in the genetics and molecular biology, the mystery of controlling the lifespan of human is yet to be found (Nouwen & Gaffney, 2004). Many literatures have been put forward to explain the aging process, but none of them has been a success. The conventional aging literature believes that aging in not a genetically programmed. Modern theories in biological aging in humans can either be an error theory or a programmed theory. The programmed literatures believe that aging comes with a biological timetable, perhaps the continuous one in regulating the childhood development and growth. The regulation will depend on the expression of genes affecting systems that are responsible for defense response, maintenance, and repair. The damage theory emphasizes the assault of environment to the living organisms inducing the cumulative damage at different stages as the reason for aging (Cox, 2005). The programmed literature has three different categories; programmed longevity, endocrine theory, and immunology theory. According to programmed longevity, aging arises from sequential putting on and off for some of the genes. According to endocrine theory, the immune system can be programmed to decline with time, which arises to a rising vulnerability to diseases that are infectious and therefore aging and later death. It is researched that the immune system effectiveness peaks during puberty and slowly declines with the age advance. For instance, when a person grows older, the antibodies will lose effectiveness, and very few diseases will be combated by the body effectively, which leads to eventual death and cellular stress. The deregulated response of the immune has been connected to inflammation, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Although direct relationship is yet to

Food Fantastic Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Food Fantastic Company - Essay Example Foods Fantastic Company is a publicly traded grocery chain with a chain of 50 stores in the US.The company has embraced technology to a great extent and uses state-of-the-art applications to monitor inventory and maintain its accounting books An ITGC review is necessary because of the degree to which the company is dependent on the data produced by its information systems for accounting and decision-making. Purpose: The purpose of an ITGC review is to ensure the reliability, consistency and security of an information system that is being used as a source of information and legal standing for accounting purposes. The idea behind an ITGC review is to check the data input streams for dependability as it will constitute a legal standing of the company. In addition, the review will cover aspects of fraud, security, back-dated entries and other loopholes that can be used for frauds or unauthorized access to confidential data. Scope: The scope of this audit and review is limited to the surf ace risk assessment of the controls used by FFC. In addition, it covers only the mainstream information system which is used for reporting and decision-making. Any other third-party systems are not covered in this review as long as they do not have any impact on financial reporting. Also, the review has been conducted in accordance with the guidelines defined and accepted as international best practices for ITGC. Findings: The information system control procedures at Foods Fantastic Company do not meet the standards of what can be termed as the best practices in the industry.

Case Study Report related to Public Budgeting Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report related to Public Budgeting - Case Study Example It serves as a policy guide, management tool, legal document (after the approval of the board) and a financial control instrument towards the organization. So budgeting is basically a mechanism for setting goals and objectives and allocating resources to achieve those objectives. IN other words it can be described as â€Å"thoughtful strategic planning process† (Lee, Johnson & Joyce, 2008, pp. 1-8). The report is a snapshot regarding the public budgeting details of a nonprofit organization of United States named as the Human Society of the United States. The report tells about the Budgeting cycle, budgeting policy, and budgeting documents. In the report the budget for the Finance Department has been taken into account. It gives a synopsis of the purpose and goal, revenue and expenditure, planning and activities of the finance department of the Human Society during 2012-2011 and the major changes in policy and accomplishments. MAJOR APPROPIATION AND CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS YEAR: The Human Society of Us is the nation’s largest organization for animal protection fighting for the rescue care and protection of animals. The organization distributes its entire budget of expenditure mainly for within two heads, firstly operational budget and secondly the supportive budget which supports the operational activities. For the fiscal of 2012 the operational budget included budget for animal protection program, Budget for fund raising and budget for management and general. During the fiscal 80% of the budget was allocated for animal protection program which actually accounted for $142118050. Fund raising accounted for the rest 20% of the operation 17% for fundraising and rest 3% for management and general. Fund raising had a budget of $29479645 while management and general had a budget of $5225819. Animal protection program which had the major budget had a segregation of 47% for advocacy, outreach and policy; 22% for direct care and service; 18% for cruelty preve ntion and 13% of the expense for research and education. For the support and revenue budget of 2012 the organization estimated 84% of the total revenue from contribution and grant which they accounted for $151069252. For rest of the revenues they estimated 13% would be coming from bequests, 2% from investment income and 1% from other income. On the contrary, for the fiscal of 2011 the organization deployed 80% of their total operational and supporting expenses budget for animal protection program. The same followed a segregation of 18% in cruelty prevention, 24% for direct service and care, 43% advocacy and cruelty, 15% for research and education. The support and revenue budget for 2011 accounted 79% of revenue coming from contribution and grants, 17% from bequests, 3% from investment income and 1% from other income (Human Society Organization, 2013, Annual Report 2012 & 2011) MAJOR REVENUE SOURCES AND CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS YEAR: The revenue of the firm came mostly from the support division and from other income. The total revenue from support and other income accounted for $5970558 during 2012 that of $5955358 during 2011 which indicated a hike of 0.25%. The revenue hike is almost negligible and the organization doesn’t aim for it since it is a nonprofit making firm with a â€Å"no profit† making view. The revenue for 2012 mainly came from contribution, trusts, grants, donation, merchandise sale, donated securities, sale of donated items, gains for disposals of property and

The extent to which research influences policy

The extent to which research influences policy Discuss the extent to which effective development policy depends on good research Introduction In development, for one to know what aids development, why a particular system works and how effective an approach taken towards improving development is, a proper research has to have been done. Development policy is a decision made or designed to improve a condition from a problematic state to a better or an improved form. Research is said to be ‘a careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something’ (Merriam-Webster). Some types of research done are reviewing existing research, field experiments, secondary analysis (reviewing information from existing archives), qualitative methods, survey, case studies, and cost-benefit analysis (research done to determine the cost and benefit from an action), amongst others (Dukeshire and Thurlow 2002). Research is an important part of policy making because without research, pressing policy questions will not be answered as it’s hard to make a policy without identifying a problem, the context in which the problem is based and possible solutions that a policy could enforce. In a research at the IMF in 2011, Moises Schwartz, the director of IEO states that â€Å"Research is at the heart of innovation and improving policymaking†. He goes on to say that research, at the IMF, helps develop and improve conceptual models that serve as the foundation for policy recommendations. In this paper research will be used in relation to evidence-based This paper discusses how research influences policy, the gap between researchers and policy makers and how good research is needed for effective development policy making. Research and Development policy One cannot make a policy if one doesn’t know what that policy is to address. Without research, policy makers will not be informed about the problem that requires a solution through careful planning and decision making. The way research is done and presented could influence deeply the policy making process (Dukeshire and Thurlow 2002). For the creation of effective development policy, not just a policy under huge probability that it might work, proper research has to be done. Furthermore, for the improvement of quality of life and reduction in poverty, a proper use of research and evidence in the making and practice of development policy, is required (Court et al 2004). Research promotes credibility and also plays an important role on how policymaking is thought of by country authorities and also, research improves the gathering and spread of global knowledge (IMF 2011). Effective development policy requires researches that are relevant to the particular policy question. Researches done for a specific development policy question will look at the problem from all spheres, gather knowledge about the problem from the place the problem is situated and the people it affects, carry out a thorough case study and could also ask indigenous people to suggest solutions as they know better what will work for them and then make recommendations which will influence the development policy making. This entire process will ensure that the policy is effective as the decision will be based on research that addressed the problem directly and evidence produced. People in a community, through participatory approach, a research technique, could identify problems in their society and proffer solutions to these problems (green et al 1995; Frankish et al 1997). The 1999 white paper on modernizing government adopted evidence based policy as part of its philosophy as it expressed its expectations of policy makers to bring up new ideas, take a different approach to the way things have been done in the past he use of research in the policy making process and also to create policies that will proffer effective long term solutions. Research helps policy makers be well informed about a situation a policy is to address however â€Å"†¦there is nothing a government hates more than to be well-informed for it makes the process of arriving at decisions much more complicated and difficult† ( Skidelsky 1992). In my own opinion, research restrains the government from making a â€Å"one fit all† policy. It is easier for a government or donor institutions to make a ‘one fit all’ policy than going through the process of research, gaining adequate knowledge about a particular problem and having to make policies that fit specifi c contexts or societies and not been able to make a general policy that is not based on specific contexts or a countries specificity. In basil jones paper on linking research to policy, he says to achieve effectiveness and efficiency better sector work has to be done alongside research and analysis in development process which will in turn influence policy making. Without research or proper knowledge of a development problem, it is hard to make right decisions that will enable effective solutions. There is a great link between research and policy making although, it has been said that there is a gap between policy makers and researchers. It said that researchers make their findings inaccessible, sometimes lengthy, in a different language and uneasy to decipher just in time for policy decisions (Jones, 2011). Also, researchers do not research on problems facing policy makers but answer questions based on the tools and resources they have (World Bank 2010). Development policies are made based on finding solutions to development problems and research seeks to study and find possible and optimum solutions to those problems. Thus, without proper communication between the researchers and policy makers, it will be impossible to make an effective development policy as it is impossible to make a developmental progress if these two actors are working individually or separately. Conclusion it has been noted that governments and donor institutions tend to make ‘one fit all’ policies that will cut across different countries without taking into consideration the different countries peculiarity or its institutional context and sometimes are accused of making policies based on existing data from doctored research plans and conclusions that fit an existing policy or research done before without making room for new researches (Brettenwoods project, 2011). For example, the prevalent view amongst staffs of the IMF is that research findings need to be in relation with current IMF policies and evaluations done at the IMF showed that some researches were done with the conclusion and an already present policy in mind and some researches had different conclusions and recommendations separate from the analysis done in the research (IMF 2011). Furthermore, some NGOs have distorted the policy making process which renders the policy incapable and in turn creating negative e ffect on the poor by not engaging in research based evidence (Harper 2001). Above, it was noted that there was a significant gap between policy makers and researchers which needed to be bridged. Bridging the gap between these two actors In the development process could be done by making good use of researches that have been done and researchers communicating their findings to policy makers(court and young 2006). Also these donors should not make it all about the funding but also gaining or gathering and sharing new knowledge which can only be gotten from good research (Jones 2011). Policy questions should be the basis for a research and not just research based on the resources available to the researcher or what attracts the interest of the researcher at that time. Furthermore, in considering the future of development, results that influence policy and practice and relevant to poor people’s needs could be gotten by the improving the researchers effectiveness to produce such results. This was stated in a 2008 research strategy of DFID. Finally in answering the question to which extent effective development policy depends on good research, before a policy is made, there has to be an evidence of a problem and the evidence of the problem and knowledge gathered about the problem is held in mind before a decision is made to improve the condition of a problem, so basically there cannot be a policy without a research of some kind. Therefore, a development policy depends on research but an effective development policy that will properly address a problem that is being faced will depend on a good and thorough research. This paper has discussed the link and gap between research and policy, the dependency of policy on research and also the benefits of an evidence based policy. References â€Å"Research† Merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. web 26 February 2014 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/research Brettenwoods (2011). Evaluations suggest IMF, World Bank research ideologically driven [online] Available: http:// http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2011/09/art-568905/ [Accessed: 24 February 2014] Cabinet office (1999) modernizing government stationary office: London, Ch. 2, Para. 6. Cm 4320. Available at www.cabinet-office.gov.uk/mordengov/whtpaper/index.htm> Court, J. and Young, J. (2006) Bridging research and policy in international development: an analytical and practical framework. Development in Practice, Volume 16, Number 1, February 2006. Court, J., Hovland, I. and Young, J. (2004) Bridging Research and Policy in International Development: Evidence and the Change Process, ITDG. Dukeshire, S. Thurlow, J. (2002). Understanding the Link Between Research and Policy. Rural Communities Impacting Policy Project Frankish, C.J., George, A., Daniel, M., Doyle-Waters, M. Walker, M. (1997). Participatory health promotion research in Canada: A community guidebook. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada, Health Promotion Development Division. Green, L., George, M., Daniel, M., Frankish, J., Herbert, C., Bowie, W. O’Neill, M. (1995). The study of participatory research in health promotion: Review and recommendations for the development of participatory research in health promotion in Canada. Ottawa: The Royal Society of Canada. Harper, C. (2001). Do the Facts Matter? NGOs, Research and Policy Advocacy, in Edwards, M. Gaventa, J., Global Citizen Action. Lynne Reinner Publishers Jones, B. (2011), Linking Research to Policy: The African Development Bank as Knowledge Broker, Series N ° 131, African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia. Research at the IMF: relevance and utilization / [prepared by an IEO team led by Ruben Lamdany and Hali Edison]. – Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 2011. Skidelsky, R. (1992) John Maynard Keynes; a biography. Vol 2: the economist as saviour, 1920-1937 macilian: London p 630. World Bank (September 2010) â€Å"Research for Development – A World Bank Perspective on Future Direction for Research† Policy Research Working Paper 5437 Yaron, G. And Louise, S. (2008) Good practice in evidence informed policy: An initial review for DFID. 1

Housmans To An Athlete Dying Young :: Poem Housman Athlete Dying Essays

Housman's "To An Athlete Dying Young" A. E. Housman's "To an Athlete Dying Young," also known as Lyric XIX in A Shropshire Lad, holds as its main theme the premature death of a young athlete as told from the point of view of a friend serving as pall bearer. The poem reveals the concept that those dying at the peak of their glory or youth are really quite lucky. The first few readings of "To an Athlete Dying Young" provides the reader with an understanding of Housman's view of death. Additional readings reveal Housman's attempt to convey the classical idea that youth, beauty, and glory can be preserved only in death. A line-by-line analysis helps to determine the purpose of the poem. The first stanza of the poem tells of the athlete's triumph and his glory filled parade through the town in which the crowd loves and cheers for him. As Bobby Joe Leggett defines at this point, the athlete is "carried of the shoulders of his friends after a winning race" (54). In Housman's words: The time you won your town the race We chaired you through the market place; Man and boy stood cheering by, And home we brought you shoulder-high. (Housman 967). Stanza two describes a much more somber procession. The athlete is being carried to his grave. In Leggett's opinion, "The parallels between this procession and the former triumph are carefully drawn" (54). The reader should see that Housman makes another reference to "shoulders" as an allusion to connect the first two stanzas: Today, the road all runners come, Shoulder high we bring you home, And set you at the threshold down, Townsman of a stiller town. (967) In stanza three Housman describes the laurel growing "early" yet dying "quicker than a rose." (967) This parallels "the 'smart lad' who chose to 'slip betimes away' at the height of his fame" (Explicator 188). Leggett's implication of this parallel is "that death, too is a victory" (54). He should consider himself lucky that he died in his prime and will not out live his fame. Housman says: Eyes the shady night has shut Cannot see the record cut, And silence sounds no worse than cheers After earth has stopped the ears. (967) Leggett feels that "death in the poem becomes the agent by which the process of change is halted" (54). In the next stanza symbolism is used as the physical world is in Leggett's terms, "The field where glories do not stay" (54). "Fame and beauty are represented by a rose and the laurel, which are both subject to decay," Leggett explains (54). The athlete dying is described here by Housman:

Havaianas

Our marketing case study refers at the develop of the Italian market of Havaianas flip-flops Description of Product In Brazil Havaianas product is well known (second only to Coca Cola). It’s a mass market product, a commodity Flip-flops features: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Comfortable Durable Out of time Practical Aesthetically beautiful Cheap Two Mains Markets A traditional segment like beach, leisure and sport A niche segment, the surf market Main Marketing Problems In Italy among consumers only 12. 5% indicated Havaianas as first brand of flip flops designed Find the right market segment considering the competitors Convey to consumers the important attributes, technical and emotional, of the product Targeting The product is suitable for everyone, but especially for consumers aged from 16 to 40 In this range we have identified three main consumers categories †¢ Trendy: †¢ Functional: †¢ Not interested: 10% 75% 15% Swot Analisys OPPORTUNITY – Width of the target – Ability to create authentic connections with a product rich in meanings – Ability to enter niche marketsSTRENGTHS – Versatility of the product – High Quality (natural materials) – Wide range of models -Possibility of limited Editions Product THREATS -Competition indirect and parallel importation of products with low cost (China) -No barriers to entry -Risk of becoming a passing fashion brand -Existence of direct competitors that also produce clothing lines WEAKNESSES – Poor presence in some markets – Low brand awareness – It’s absent the perception of the quality of the product by the consumer – Seasonality – It is not considered a technical productTraditional Market Positioning Market Positioning-Competitors †¢ Reef, the market leader, has a marketing strategy aimed at consumers increasingly sophisticated which seem to communicate a feeling of continuous research and ne ed of something more distinctive †¢ Sundek leverages its production of summer clothing to also sell footwear and flipflops †¢ As flip-flops for the pool, locker room and sports in general brands such as Nike & Adidas provide an higher level of technicality If we consider the Havaianas as a sandal for a night out or generally for living the city, then the competition is with brands such as D&G, Gucci, Prada Market Positioning-Havaianas Havaianas is on the market in a position straddling Functionality and Fashion (impossible for Reef) to a point less â€Å"evolved† of its direct competitor The fashion factor for Havaianas is the ability to sell a cheap product that capture the customers with the history, the sense of freedom and the possibility to express yourself which are the guidelines that, since the beginning, distinguish this productSurf Market Market PositioningCompetitors The competitors, althougth with different placements, stands on the left side of the tabl e aiming to attract customers with their ability to perceive the technical characteristics of the product There are also in this context brands such as Cool that are oriented more to products of high quality and technically suitable for sport Others (in the area at the bottom left) that link instead, quite indistinct between them, to follow the fashion even at the expense of the more technical characteristics Market PositioningHavaianasHavaianas instead focuses its strategy in being able to exploit the high degree of involvement that surfers reserve to this brand and this is the main feature that differentiates it from competitors In the surfing world Havainas is an â€Å"object of worship† now deeply rooted in the tradition and attractiveness of this sport and it is from this that the brands draws its market power Marketing Goals Create an emotional bond with the brand and its history Provide more popularity to the brand so that potential buyers can easily associate the bran d with various modelsBrand Philosophy Extraordinary capabilities that this product has to create a bond between the user and Brazil, the place of origin of the product and always destination of dreams of Italians Havaianas is a product that can be considered â€Å"true†: a long history, a great deal of continuity (the characteristics have remained largely unchanged over time) Natural materials and a process that has within it elements almost â€Å"craft† (examples of this are the molds made ? by hand) that make it meaningful and rich of story to tellMarketing Initiatives Havaianas Disco-Bus Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team Website Website At the heart of our proposals for Havaianas there is the transformation of the current website in order to create a direct relationship with the consumer and a sense of membership Build a section dedicated to events and parties with a photogallery which shows all connected to the world of Havaianas and itsâ€Å"lifestyle† Websit e â€Å"Party on Havaianas. it† †¢ The user, in order to participate in various competitions, must enroll communicating his e-mail.This will allow the company to create a large agenda of contacts through which it can communicate the dates of events, promotions and news of any kind in order to create a direct line to the most loyal. For people registered, there will be a further advantage: will be sent by e-mail invitations for the various parties that will be printed and presented at the entrance for a chance to enter for free â€Å"Testimonial for Havaianas â€Å" †¢ The consumers will send their photos with the more strange use that they can make with their flip-flops.The most bizarre and original will be published on the site, with the possibility to be commented on by all users, and the winning photo will become the icon for the communication campaign of Havaianas in the following year â€Å"Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team† The TwinsBros Factory has its headquarters in Livorno(Italy) and is structured specifically for the production of high quality surfboards The first goal of the collaboration is to create a set of surfboards and material competition sponsored Havaianas The second one is sponsor a team of surfers who will turn Italy to participate the races of the Italian circuit Twinsbros & Havaianas Surf Team† Return in terms of visibility: †¢ Will be published a banner Havaianas. it on the homepage of the site twinsbros. net †¢ Will be published a banner of TB & Havaianas surf team on the two main Italian surf portals (surfdome. it & surftolive. com) †¢ Will be published articles accompanied by photographs on the same portals above and magazines like Surfer Magazine, SurfUP & SurfNews †¢ Strong visibility in the audience present at the competition with the distribution of gadgets Havaianas Disco-Bus† The project consists of a disco-bus which during the summer will turn to the most famous locatio ns of the italian summer nightlife (Riccione, Milano Marittima, Porto Cervo, etc. .. ) It will be deprived of the seats and designed with the logo â€Å"Havaianas† in and outside so as to produce a strong visual impact on the observer The atmosphere will be tipically brazilian with theme-parties, music, cocktails and various kinds of gadgets provided

Mexican Atmospheres essays

Mexican Atmospheres essays When I visited Mexico for the first time I remember thinking that it was not the third world country that everyone had described to me. After a couple of days there and a little more venturing into Mexico I realized that it was really everything that had been described. While we were in the vacation areas and hotel resorts the atmosphere was very nice. They are decorated with festive ornaments, they play loud music, have plenty of gift shops, and many attractions for people to see. When we ventured outside of these areas things took a drastic turn from pretty and festive to dirty and poverty stricken. I realized that the pretty images that Hollywood gives people of Mexico is only true in certain places, and that it is actually a third world country. When we arrived in Mexico at the airport I really could not tell that it was a third world country. The one thing that really caught my attention while at the airport was that it was not air conditioned. The airport was dreadfully hot, not humid, just a very dry heat. I remember while standing in the customs line I was sweating as though I had been running a marathon. I was sweating so much that my shirt was sticking to me. The airport was decorated nicely with a mural of sea animals painted on ocean colored walls. The airport was very similar to the airports I was used to in America. It had all sorts of gift shops, restaurants and many stands with brochures of places to visit while in Mexico. The ride to the hotel was also very nice, and the scenery did not appear to be that much different than here in America. The roads were paved, much like ours, but there were swamps all around us that reminded me of the Everglades in Florida. The bus had most of the luxuries that our buses have and one additional feature that I was really not accustomed to. It had a cooler that was filled with Coronas and bottled water for sale. I had never in my life seen alcoholic beverages f...

Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Research Paper Example

Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Research Paper Example Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Paper Memory Reconstruction and False Memories Paper There are a number of serious social problems in the society today which include childhood sexual abuse among other crimes. When these occur, sometimes it is possible for the memories to be hidden in the unconscious as the mind tends to block scary episodes of abuse or the whole of childhood and resurface later in adulthood. The quality of these memories differ from one individual to the other, where they can be detailed and vivid or very faint sometimes and mostly tell of events occurring in early childhood or adolescence. At times, these memories are thought not to be true but just a recollection of the things said by others. Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT), which was initially used, has been found to lack proper validity and is therefore termed as toxic therapy (Robinson, 2008). The following paper will discuss false memory in relation to recent research performed concerning it. False Memory One of the most haunting psychological experiences is repression which occurs when the mind pushes shocking experience to an inaccessible unconscious position. At times, however this may later reoccur into consciousness as a condition referred to as false memory syndrome which is defined as the memory of an imagined event normally traumatic and previously occurring (Stedmans medical dictionary, 2006). False memories occur as a byproduct of the cognitive system functioning in the effort to escape from self awareness. A good example is the occurrence of some memories of childhood sexual abuse after repression for about 20 to 40 years which led to suing of alleged perpetrators who were mainly family members and household workers (Loftus, 1993). Although the authenticity of regressed memory is questioned, the details and confidence often associated with it form the basis of psychoanalysis and is used in an increasing number of civil law suits. This is because childhood is an important concept of psychoanalysis as it is the stage of attachment and forms an example that sets an emotional stage of later relationships (Braun, Ellis, Loftus, 2002). In addition, the symptoms associated such as inflicted injury also add up as evidence. Through counseling and therapeutic intervention, normally the memories resurface when the victims enter psychotherapy due to various related factors. In these circumstances the therapists use RMT to recover memories that involve various recollections of real events which happened during childhood. It is based on the belief traumatic memories like sexual abuse in childhood are forgotten or repressed and recovered during therapy (Robinson, 2008). From these clinical points it was noted that repression constituted overwhelming and obvious proof hence accurate. However, some psychiatrics dispute these theories terming them as empirical and lack experimental scientific confirmation. Some controversies also arise when accused deny the charges by the adults resulting in the questioning about who is telling the truth and who is lying (Loftus, 1993). Generation of False Memory The accuracy of these memories might be deter red by internally derived defense mechanism such as fantasy, illusions, and screen memories that are mediated by hallucinations, borrowed ideas, characters and myths or externally derived from a therapist’s or special relation’s unintentional suggestion implantation. Moreover, popular writings which influence the creation of memories through the steps they provide and suggestions of a therapist, who at times do not take no for an answer and use dreams, often lead to the creation of theses memories. Additionally, they inclusion of age regression, guided visualization, writing in trance, body work and hypnosis and the fact that therapy takes place in private makes it difficult to follow what takes place (Loftus E. , 1995). This is depicted in a study conducted by Loftus and Pickrell, (Macrae et. al. , 2002 ) where most participants were persuaded by their suggestions and encouraged on having done a particular thing in their childhood such as getting lost in a shopping center and being rescued by an aged person. Most of the people then elaborated and produced evidence on these false experiences uniquely, thus creating alternatives to reality. Such instances include memory of non existent objects or totally different situations. Marketers, through advertising can also cause the creation of such memories by taking advantage of the memory’s reconstructive nature (Robinson, 2008). In this way, a consumer may think that he has participated in an event whereas they only viewed an advert of the event (Macrae et. al. , 2002 ). Due to the impact of false memories especially when used in courts, a number of investigations have been done concerning creation of false memory through exposure to misinformation which causes distortion to the memory. These evidences have been provided by private investigators that go undercover into offices of therapists pretending to be patients. Although all recovered memories may not be authentic, it is not true to say that they are all false. According to new research, recovered memory is a very extraordinary condition which should only be believed if clear evidence is presented. Researchers argue that most of them are not related to real events. Generally, it is believed that memories of occurrences before the age of 2 years cannot be recovered as they cannot be remembered into adulthood while those below the age of three years are uncommon and unreliable. Therefore, claims of some adults about occurrences related to abuse below the age of six months are absolutely unfounded hence false memory. It has also been discovered that people who experience abuse after the ages of four or five rarely forget them. In addition, studies performed on people who have suffered terrible childhood abuse such as kidnapping and watching their parents’ killing reflect their desire to forget them without success as opposed regression (Braun, Ellis, Loftus, 2002). Conclusion The performance of unproven and experimental RMT on clients led to numerous destroyed families which were never recovered hence a lot of human suffering and preventable suicide which could have been avoided through proper and careful design of publicized studies. It has since been abandoned by counselors and therapists. In addition more evidence should be provided in cases of memory repression to prevent false claims. List of References Braun, K. A. , Ellis, R. , Loftus, E. F. (2002). Make My Memory. Psychology Marketing . 19(1), 1–23. New York, USA: John Wiley Sons. Loftus, E. F. (1993). The Reality of Repressed Memories. American Psychologist . 48, 518-537. Loftus, E. , 1995. Remembering Dangerously. March / April 19(2). Retrieved from The Committee for Sceptical Inquiry: csicop. org/si/show/remembering_dangerously/ on 26th July, 2010. Macrae, C. N. , Schloerscheidt, A. M. , Bodenhausen, G. V. , Milne, A. B. , 2002). Creating Memory Illusions: Expectancy-Based Processing and the Generation of False Memories. Memory . 10(1), 63–80. Robinson, B. (2008, September 3). Repression of Childhood Memories. Retrieved from Religious tolerance: religioustolerance. org/rmt_ofte. htm on 26th July , 2010. Stedmans medical dictionary, 2006. Definition. False Memory Syndrome . Pennsylvania, USA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Buying Decision - a New House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Buying Decision - a New House - Essay Example Key words: House, Economy, Domestic Economy, GDP - Gross Domestic Product, BEA - The Bureau of Economic Analysis, purchasing power, inflation, international trade. John & Tia are living in a rented studio apartment at a location near to their offices and commercial area which is ideal for them. However, they are expecting a baby and require bigger space to have room for baby’s nursery and a location that is near to clinic / hospital, school, nurseries, day care centers and other social service offices they might need to consult after they have the baby along with continuation of their respective careers. Both to-be-parents are confused whether to rent a bigger place or make the ultimate investment of buying their own house in an economy that is gradually improving from recession. This is a major investment for the couple that requires a substantial financial expenditure which is going to alter their financial position, spending habits, saving percentage etc. Consequences of th is substantial investment would firstly require savings and other investments evaluation. They have been saving for few years and have sufficient amount to make the down payment and pay mortgage for at least a year. Hence they are prepared financially however, they need to be emotionally willing to take the huge plunge into this big investment as well as cope with resulting restrictions, requirements and tradeoffs involved. They need to assess whether their current income flow is sustainable and can support mortgage payments for the future period. If mother-to-be has to quit job in order to take care of the baby would they be able to afford making payments regularly and how will they manage their financials? They also need to evaluate if it is the right time to take the leap or they should stick to rented option. Their detailed assessment of the economic situation, evaluation based on economic factors and weighing down of options is given below. Majority of the decisions we make as consumers are directly related to or influenced by the prevailing economic conditions. Our future plans are shaped in accordance with our expectation of how the economy will perform. We shall refer to a few of N. Gregory Mankiw’s principles related to the principle of making the purchase decision and influencing factors. According to Mankiw, there is no â€Å"free lunch† we must give up something in order to get something i.e. every decision has its costs / tradeoff. In our case tradeoffs are the plans couple had already made earlier that they now need to forego or put on hold, such as yearly vacation and a new car. They would also have fewer saving hence restricted spending priorities since now they also have to consider extra savings for future expenses related to raising a child as well as maintain the new house if the go ahead with the decision. Further tradeoffs would be loss of interest income being earned on the savings and opportunity cost lost on account of no t having the same amount invested to gain profit. This factor would evolve into the second principle by Mankiw which involves considering and weighing the costs of decisions, i.e. opportunity cost which is ever present. The couple would be losing on the opportunity to have the amount saved and interest being earned giving them financial strength instead of having it spent on down payment, monthly mortgage payment and insurance payments. Other

Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Framework - Essay Example Lastly, I would take part in the procedure of reviewing the results of the market campaigns (Tranter et al, 2006). I am a detail-oriented individual and having this attribute could help me see unobvious opportunities and share it with the company aiming at creating an appropriate compliance and integrity framework to support innovation in solutions, processes, and products in a highly regulated world. I have a believe that all of these concepts will be tremendously useful in my CP (Uysal & Fesenmaier, 2001). However, I think I will not use the marketing plan concept since the organization has already put their marketing plan into action, but it will assist me to identify how it functions. The organization's culture centers on the workers wellbeing (Belch, G. E., & Belch, M.A., 2009). The organization strives to see that employees get secured, and contented knowing that all the fulfillment issues will be addressed and that there will be no pessimistic penalties for those who raise con cerns. The core of a robust compliance culture is an effective mechanism that permits employees to speak up, and raise actual or potential compliance concerns in a non-retaliatory environment so that they may be referred faster and effectively (O’Guinn et al, 2008). ... It was formed under the Royal act jointly between the government and the individuals of the state. At first, the government owned 50 percent of the total shares, when the corporate showed hard work and dedication the government gave ten percent of the shares to the workforce. This was intended to encourage other industrial sectors to add more effort to their activities. This corporation is located in the republic of Saudi Arabia. It has grown by ten percent current value in the fertilizer industry. It is, therefore, predicted that the fertilizer production in Saudi Arabia is going to grow in an alarming rate following the organization of this Saudi Arabia Fertilizer Company. Four other companies in this state have ventured in the production of Fertilizers and hence Saudi Arabia Fertilizer Company is facing stiff competition from these competitors (Canwell, 2004). The business world at present is facing several issues that impacts on their performances. Business corporations have expe rienced stiff competition forcing them to invent new ideas that are different from their competitors and get preferred by their customers. Therefore, managers need to be creative to evade this challenge. Another issue is security and privacy. Companies all over the globe are being challenged by the improved technology, which forces to adapt to the system to improve their security issues (Jansson, 2008). The external stakeholders including the customers, the workforce, and the government play a very significant role in the company. Without them, the company cannot prosper and be successful. Therefore, corporation is devoted to offering clients high quality products that meet their needs and expectations. Any risks associated with the company’s products, have the capacity to destroy

Managment Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managment Accounting - Essay Example ABW in order to determine the relevant cost drivers and in this case there are many more than that used in absorption costing, thus making ABC more reliable. Table 1 provides calculations for the profit for each product line. Table 1 indicates that there are huge differences in the profit of products XY, YZT and ABW. The use of absorption costing resulted in a reduction in profits by  £46,250 and  £18,000 for products XYI and YZT respectively and an increase of  £64,000 from a loss position to a profit position for product ABW. This scenario shows how appropriate ABC is for making more accurate decisions when compared to absorption costing. ABC allocates cost on the basis of the activities required to manufacture a product and this results in the use of multiple cost drivers – assembly, machining, set-up, order processing and purchasing in this case. Absorption costing only used two cost drivers – assembly and machining thus the large differences in profits. The figures in Table 2 indicate that the differences in cost per unit were lower for XYI and YZT – £ 0.925 and  £0.45 respectively. However, the difference in cost per unit between the two approaches for ABW was higher ( £2.133) and this explains the loss versus profit scenario. Over-costing of each unit of products XYI and YZT under the absorption costing method by  £0.925 and  £0.450 respectively has led to under-costing of product ABW by  £2.133 another product. In this case the assignment of costs by ABC to each product using more relevant activity based cost drivers has resulted in a more accurate costing of the products. It is often said that modern developments such as ABC are sometimes implemented because they are fashionable and not because they provide additional information to management. However, while this statement may be true in a few instances it is not so in the majority of cases. Costing systems do not command high ratings in most organisations, but the information that they provide

Law Enforcement Today Essay Example for Free

Law Enforcement Today Essay Law enforcement is something that is needed in our country. As time has passed, crime rates have gone up. New types of crimes are created by just about anything. Let’s take a look at an example of a new crime starting up. People who are driving and texting is now becoming a crime. This may seem like something minor, but it can lead to something horrible, like the cause to a fatal accident. The driver who was busy texting his buddy that he was on the way to the bar could of caused him to get to close to another car and crash into it, causing vehicle damages and even death. With technology advancing, crime has gone up with it as well. Now people commit crime online by stealing credit card numbers and even a person’s identity. Our law enforcement agencies now have to stay on top of things in today’s world, because if they don’t, the bad guys will win. Our law enforcement agencies are made up of local, state, and federal. They interact with the U. S. Department of Homeland Security to ensure success with enforcing the law and keeping communities safe. They might not have the best relationship but there can be ways to improve that. Many people do not really understand the importance of law enforcement until they desperately need them to help in their time of need. Some of the things that we do not understand are that the law enforcement officers face many challenges in today’s society. Our officers have to go through much training to be where they are at today. They have witnessed horrible crimes that could possibly leave them traumatized for life. Aside from that, they face issues of racial profiling, extreme dangers during work hours, and learning how to deal with stress and facing a multicultural society. These officers have to suppress their emotions from what they face every day. They might even have to keep their business private from family members or they could face some type of judgment. People already act different toward any police officer. In some people’s eyes, the police are the bad guys. It is understandable because there have been many corrupt police officers that make it hard for the good guys. Some people feel that if the officer is a certain race, the officer will be for their own race and against theirs. For instance, a black police officer may be judged on his skin color and the citizens might feel that officer is protecting the black criminals. We have many law enforcement agencies with good people who are doing their best to serve and protect the people. The local law enforcement consists of different agencies, like the city police department, county sheriff’s office, transit authority police, school district police, and university police. Those are just a few. The state enforcement agencies consist of the attorney general, highway patrols, and department of criminal justice and there are more. The federal law enforcement agencies consist of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security, U. S. Immigration and Customers Enforcement, the FBI, and more. All of these agencies work together to keep our country balanced and in order. The Department of Homeland Security has the local, state, and federal agencies set to handle situations that involve natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other types of disasters created by people. All agencies have a person who supports or recommends causes or policies that have to be enforced. These agencies are also provided with a point of contact for DHS in case of any situation arising that might involve them. With the law enforcement agencies working together, crime can be controlled and even prevented. I think if the police departments could be trained more on what the DHS does, maybe the relationship between them could become better. A way to build a better relationship would be to empower state and local agencies to have more power over things so in case of some type of terrorism or natural disaster, they will know what to do. Communication is a big factor in building the relationship between the agencies and DHS. If the right information is passed along the departments, this could allow for everyone to stay up-to-date with current crime and could possibly be prevented in the future, or help to better handle the situation once it happens. The relationship between law enforcement agencies and the people of our country needs to be improved as well. Many people do not realize what these officers go through. If a relationship bond could be formed with the people and the agencies, then that could also help for crimes to be stopped and prevented. Ensuring the safety of our country is what we need to focus on. There are too many crimes going on where it is basically our people against each other and that needs to stop. References http://www. golawenforcement. com/LawEnforcementAgencies. htm http://www. spiritofthelaw. org/sol1art6. html http://www. golawenforcement. com/StateAgencies/TexasLawEnforcement. htm http://www. dhs. gov/xlibrary/assets/foia/plcy_directive_252-11_office_for_state_and_local_law_enforcement. pdf http://www. heritage. org/research/reports/2011/08/homeland-security-4-0-overcoming-centralization-complacency-and-politics Schmalleger, F. 2011 Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Te4xt for the 21st Century